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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/i2s/i2s_test_guide.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">测试指南</h1><div class="date inPage">2 Dec 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
Read time: 3 minute(s)
</div><div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody"><section class="- topic/section section" id="i2s_test_guide__section_dy2_jvl_4dc" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__section_dy2_jvl_4dc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">测试环境</h2>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e27__20250121171535">
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2s_test_guide__ul_nhq_xf3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__ul_nhq_xf3_d1c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e30__20250121171535">硬件<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2s_test_guide__ul_pcc_xf3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__ul_pcc_xf3_d1c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e33__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e35__20250121171535">测试板：带有第三方 codec 芯片的测试板</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e38__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e40__20250121171535">PC：用于和测试板交互</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e43__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e45__20250121171535">串口线：连接测试板的调试串口</p>
</li></ul></li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e48__20250121171535">软件<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2s_test_guide__ul_qcc_xf3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__ul_qcc_xf3_d1c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e51__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e53__20250121171535">PC 端串口终端软件</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e56__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e58__20250121171535">alsa-lib 和 alsa-utils 第三方软件包</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e61__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e63__20250121171535">第三方 codec 驱动</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e66__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e68__20250121171535">创建声卡的 machine 驱动</p>
</li></ul></li></ul>
</div>
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="i2s_test_guide__section_rcc_xf3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__section_rcc_xf3_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">创建声卡 </h2>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e78__20250121171535">
<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="i2s_test_guide__ol_n5k_cg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__ol_n5k_cg3_d1c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e81__20250121171535">machine 驱动<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e83__20250121171535">声卡的驱动分为三部分：platform 驱动、codec 驱动、machine 驱动。对于本章节来说，platform 驱动即 S 驱动。codec 驱动一般会由 codec 厂家提供，内核中也提供了大量的 codec 驱动源码，可以选择相应的 codec 芯片进行测试，本章节会选用 allwinner 的 ac102 芯片。所以在测试前需要做的就是编写声卡的 machine 驱动，machine 驱动实现 platform 驱动和 codec 驱动的耦合，创建声卡，同时确定 dai 和 codec_dai 的连接方式以及支持的格式、采样深度等信息。</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e85__20250121171535">创建声卡的一个非常重要的结构体是 link，该结构体用来指定 platform 和 codec 的耦合关系，主要的成员变量如下：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_tyd_dg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_tyd_dg3_d1c"><strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> snd_soc_dai_link {
<em class="hl-comment">/* config - must be set by machine driver */</em>
<strong class="hl-keyword">const</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">char</strong> *name;
<strong class="hl-keyword">const</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">char</strong> *stream_name;
<strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> snd_soc_dai_link_component *cpus;
<strong class="hl-keyword">unsigned</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> num_cpus;
<strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> snd_soc_dai_link_component *codecs;
<strong class="hl-keyword">unsigned</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> num_codecs;
<strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> snd_soc_dai_link_component *platforms;
<strong class="hl-keyword">unsigned</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> num_platforms;
<em class="hl-comment">/* format to set on init */</em>
<strong class="hl-keyword">unsigned</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> dai_fmt;
<em class="hl-comment">/* machine stream operations */</em>
<strong class="hl-keyword">const</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> snd_soc_ops *ops;
...
};</pre></div><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e89__20250121171535">dai_link 中成员变量的一些定义规则(规则定义可参考 link 结构体定义或函数 soc_dai_link_sanity_check)：<ol class="- topic/ol ol" type="a" id="i2s_test_guide__ol_tcc_xf3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__ol_tcc_xf3_d1c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e92__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e94__20250121171535">codecs 必须定义，codecs-&gt;name 和 codecs-&gt;of_node 必须定义其一，不可以都定义，也不可以都不定义。codecs-&gt;dai_name 必须定义</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e97__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e99__20250121171535">cpus 可不定义。但定义时，cpus-&gt;name 和 cpus-&gt;of_node 二者定义其一，不可以都定义。cpus-&gt;dai_name 可定义，也可不定义。cpus-&gt;name 和 cpus-&gt;of_node 未定义时，将会通过 cpus-&gt;dai_name 进行匹配。cpus-&gt;dai_name 未定义时，将会通过 cpus-&gt;name 或 cpus-&gt;of_node 进行匹配。</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e102__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e104__20250121171535">platforms 可不定义。但定义时 platforms-&gt;name 和 platforms-&gt;of_node 二者定义其一，不可以都定义。platforms-&gt;dai_name 在 ALSA 框架中并未使用。</p>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e107__20250121171535">ALSA 框架中提供了一些宏，用来定义上述的一些成员变量，比较常用的是通过宏 DEFS 进行定义。现在内核中比较通用的做法是通过 DEFS 将成员变量定义为空，在声卡的 probe 函数中通过读取 DTS 定义 cpus/codecs/platforms 的 node 变量。这样做的优点是修改 codec 外部配置或连接方式时，只需编译 DTS 即可，不需要重新编译内核。</p>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e110__20250121171535">dai_fmt 变量定义 S 和 codec 之间的音频数据传输方式。</p>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e113__20250121171535">ops 定义 machine 驱动所支持的操作函数集。</p>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e116__20250121171535">将定义的 link 结构体变量赋值给 struct
snd_soc_card 结构体的 link 成员变量，然后调用 card 即可完成声卡的注册，具体可参考内核中提供的一些 machine 驱动。</p>
</li></ol></div></li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e119__20250121171535">声卡 DTS
配置<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e121__20250121171535">需要在 DTS 中配置声卡的结点，才能正确调用声卡的 machine 驱动。DTS 中声卡的结点配置如下(以 allwinner 的 ac102 为例说明)：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_ijz_fg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_ijz_fg3_d1c">soundCard {
compatible = <span class="hl-string">"artinchip,aic-ac102"</span>;
aic,codec-chip = &lt;&amp;ac102&gt;;
aic,i2s-controller = &lt;&amp;i2s1&gt;;
status = <span class="hl-string">"okay"</span>;
};</pre></div><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e125__20250121171535">machine 驱动通过读取 aic,codec-chip 和 aic,i2s-controller 属性获取相应的 s 和 codec 结点。SOC 一般是通过 C 接口对 codec 芯片进行控制，所以需要在 C 控制器下挂接 codec 芯片<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_q5d_gg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_q5d_gg3_d1c">&amp;i2c3 {
pinctrl-names = <span class="hl-string">"default"</span>;
pinctrl-<span class="hl-number">0</span> = &lt;&amp;i2c3_pins_b&gt;;
status = <span class="hl-string">"okay"</span>;
ac102: ac102@<span class="hl-number">33</span> {
compatible = <span class="hl-string">"allwinner,ac102"</span>;
reg = &lt;<span class="hl-number">0x33</span>&gt;;
};
};</pre></div></li></ol>
</div>
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="i2s_test_guide__section_ucc_xf3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__section_ucc_xf3_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">音频测试</h2>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e136__20250121171535">
<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="i2s_test_guide__ol_bl2_jg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__ol_bl2_jg3_d1c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e139__20250121171535">测试音频播放<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_fmk_2jj_g1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_fmk_2jj_g1c">aplay test.wav
</pre><pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_el3_fjj_g1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_el3_fjj_g1c">test_wavplay /sdcard/wav/test.wav <em class="hl-comment">//播放 SD 卡音频文件</em></pre></li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e145__20250121171535">测试音频录音<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_lf1_gjj_g1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__codeblock_lf1_gjj_g1c">arecord -d <span class="hl-number">10</span> -f dat -t wav test.wav
</pre><ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2s_test_guide__ul_mn5_kg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_test_guide__ul_mn5_kg3_d1c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e150__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e152__20250121171535">-d：指定录音时长，单位为秒</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e155__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e157__20250121171535">-f：指定录制的格式，dat 表示 16bit 小端数据，48K 采样率，立体声</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e160__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e162__20250121171535">-t：指定生成的文件格式，为 wav 文件</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d97978e165__20250121171535">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d97978e167__20250121171535">test.wav：生成的 wav 文件名</p>
</li></ul></li></ol>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#i2s_test_guide__section_dy2_jvl_4dc" data-tocid="i2s_test_guide__section_dy2_jvl_4dc">测试环境</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#i2s_test_guide__section_rcc_xf3_d1c" data-tocid="i2s_test_guide__section_rcc_xf3_d1c">创建声卡 </a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#i2s_test_guide__section_ucc_xf3_d1c" data-tocid="i2s_test_guide__section_ucc_xf3_d1c">音频测试</a></div></li></ul></div>
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