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< div class = " wh_topic_content body " > < main role = "main" > < article class = "- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role = "article" aria-labelledby = "ariaid-title1" > < span class = "edit-link" style = "font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle" > < a target = "_blank" href = "http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/mem/d13x-mem-1-sram-psram.dita" > Edit online< / a > < / span > < h1 class = "- topic/title title topictitle1" id = "ariaid-title1" > SRAM + PSRAM< / h1 > < div class = "date inPage" > 15 Jan 2024< / div > < div style = "color: gray;" >
Read time: 4 minute(s)
< / div > < div class = "- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody" > < p class = "- topic/shortdesc shortdesc" > < / p > < div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e20__20250121171611" > 作为一种典型的内存配置使用场景， < ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_c2q_3bk_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_c2q_3bk_bdc" > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e23__20250121171611" > SRAM_S0 速度较快但是容量较小，提供给软件系统使用。< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e25__20250121171611" > PSRAM 速度略慢但是容量较大，提供给多媒体外设模块 DE/GE/VE 作为缓存使用。< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e27__20250121171611" > 外设模块的 DMA 直接存取内存。< / li > < / ul > < / div > < section class = "- topic/section section" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id7" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id7" > < h2 class = "- topic/title title sectiontitle" > 内存布局和使用策略< / h2 >
< figure class = "- topic/fig fig fignone" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__fig_cfz_wpj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__fig_cfz_wpj_bdc" > < br / > < div class = "imagecenter" > < img class = "- topic/image image imagecenter" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__image_ypn_gcd_bdc" src = "../../../images/memory/d13x_mem_layout1.png" width = "576" alt = "d13x_mem_layout1" / > < / div > < br / > < / figure >
< div class = "- topic/note note note note_note" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__note_n1h_3pj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__note_n1h_3pj_bdc" > < span class = "note__title" > 注：< / span >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e41__20250121171611" > 为了减少总线冲突， < / p >
< / div >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e45__20250121171611" > 如图所示，软件会使用以下策略来分配 Hardware Memory 资源：< / p >
< ul class = "- topic/ul ul simple" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_zpn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_zpn_gcd_bdc" > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e49__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e51__20250121171611" > 将 SRAM 的 < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > SRAM_S0 Region< / code > 区域提供给系统软件使用。< / p >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e57__20250121171611" >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e59__20250121171611" > 将 PSRAM 分成两个区域： < ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_qth_rbk_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_qth_rbk_bdc" > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e62__20250121171611" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM Software Region< / code > ：在 SRAM 不够系统软件用的情况下补充划分一部分
PSRAM 给软件使用。< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e66__20250121171611" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM CMA Region< / code > ：专供多媒体模块 MPP 使用< / li > < / ul > < / div >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e71__20250121171611" > 上述区域划分可将 MPP 的动态内存池 (heap_cma) 和系统动态内存池 (heap_sys) 分离，避免 MPP
的内存池碎片化。MPP 的内存分配基本是大块内存，而系统各模块的内存分配是各种尺寸大小都有，如果共享一个内存池容易造成 MPP 大块内存分配失败。< / p >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e74__20250121171611" >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e76__20250121171611" > 将每个 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > Region< / span > 进一步划分成以下子区域：< ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_sd4_tzj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_sd4_tzj_bdc" > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e82__20250121171611" > 静态分配 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > Static< / span > ：编译链接后可确认地址。< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e87__20250121171611" > 动态分配 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > Heap< / span > ： < / li > < / ul > < / div >
< / li > < / ul >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e95__20250121171611" > 最终 SRAM_S0 空间被软件划分成两块区域， < ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_bqn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_bqn_gcd_bdc" > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e98__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e100__20250121171611" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > SRAM_S0 SW Static< / code > ：系统静态分配区域。 < / p >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e105__20250121171611" > 默认存放
< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .text< / span > ， < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .rodata< / span > ， < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .data< / span > 和
< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .bss< / span > 参数，即普通的函数定义和全局变量定义。< / p >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e120__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e122__20250121171611" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > SRAM_S0 SW Heap< / code > ：系统动态分配区域，即 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > heap_sys< / span >
内存池。< / p >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e130__20250121171611" > 通过以下函数可以从该内存池分配内存。< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_ud5_cmj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_ud5_cmj_bdc" > malloc(size);
aicos_malloc(MEM_DEFAULT, size); < em class = "hl-comment" > // MEM_DEFAULT = 0< / em > < / pre > < / div >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e135__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e137__20250121171611" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM SW Static< / code > ：系统静态分配区域，属于可选区域，通常情况下未配置。< / p >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e142__20250121171611" > 通过加上 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > PSRAM_SW_DATA_DEFINE< / span >
宏声明可以将函数定义和全局变量定义链接到本区域：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_lm5_kpj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_lm5_kpj_bdc" > < em class = "hl-comment" > // 函数定义：< / em >
< strong class = "hl-keyword" > void< / strong > PSRAM_SW_DATA_DEFINE test_func(< strong class = "hl-keyword" > void< / strong > );
< em class = "hl-comment" > // 全局变量定义：< / em >
PSRAM_SW_DATA_DEFINE < strong class = "hl-keyword" > int< / strong > a = < span class = "hl-number" > 1< / span > ;< / pre > < / div >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e150__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e152__20250121171611" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM SW Heap< / code > ：系统动态分配区域，即 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > heap_psram_sw< / span >
内存池，属于可选区域，通常情况下没有配置。< / p >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e160__20250121171611" > 通过以下函数可以从该内存池分配内存。
< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_lvz_kpj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_lvz_kpj_bdc" > aicos_malloc(MEM_PSRAM_SW, size);< / pre > < / div >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e165__20250121171611" >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e167__20250121171611" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM CMA Static< / code > ： < ul class = "- topic/ul ul" data-ofbid = "d149067e171__20250121171611" > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e172__20250121171611" > 在 SRAM_S0 空间不够用时，通过 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > menuconfig< / span > 配置菜单将
< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .text< / span > 、< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .rodata< / span > 、< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .data< / span >
和 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .bss< / span > 放置到 PSRAM 中，可以链接到本区域。< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e189__20250121171611" > 通过加上 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > CMA_DATA_DEFINE< / span >
宏声明，可以将函数定义和全局变量定义链接到本区域。< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_iqn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_iqn_gcd_bdc" > < em class = "hl-comment" > // 函数定义：< / em >
< strong class = "hl-keyword" > void< / strong > CMA_DATA_DEFINE test_func(< strong class = "hl-keyword" > void< / strong > ); < em class = "hl-comment" > // CMA_DATA_DEFINE = PSRAM_CMA_DATA_DEFINE< / em >
< em class = "hl-comment" > // 全局变量定义：< / em >
CMA_DATA_DEFINE < strong class = "hl-keyword" > int< / strong > a = < span class = "hl-number" > 1< / span > ;< / pre > < / li > < / ul > < / div >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e197__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e199__20250121171611" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM CMA Heap< / code > ： < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > heap_cma< / span >
内存池。< / p >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e207__20250121171611" > 通过以下函数可以从该内存池分配内存。< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_kmm_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_kmm_lpj_bdc" > aicos_malloc(MEM_CMA, size); < em class = "hl-comment" > // MEM_CMA = MEM_PSRAM_CMA< / em > < / pre > < / div >
< / li > < / ul > < / div >
< / section > < section class = "- topic/section section" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id9" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id9" > < h2 class = "- topic/title title sectiontitle" > 参数配置< / h2 >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e218__20250121171611" > 通过 < span class = "+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname" > scons --menuconfig< / span > 命令进入 menuconfig
配置界面，配置下列 Meomry
相关参数：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc" > Board options --->
Mem Options ---> < / pre > < / div >
< ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_nqn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_nqn_gcd_bdc" > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e227__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e229__20250121171611" > SRAM_S0 总大小< / p >
< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_oyp_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_oyp_lpj_bdc" > SRAM parameter --->
(< span class = "hl-number" > 0x100000< / span > ) SRAM Total Size < em class = "hl-comment" > // 配置 SRAM 总大小为 1M< / em >
SRAM_S1 Size (< span class = "hl-number" > 0< / span > K) < em class = "hl-comment" > // 配置 SRAM_S1 大小为 0， < / em > < / pre >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e235__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e237__20250121171611" > PSRAM 总大小< / p >
< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_kwr_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_kwr_lpj_bdc" > PSRAM parameter --->
(< span class = "hl-number" > 0x800000< / span > ) PSRAM size < em class = "hl-comment" > // 配置 PSRAM 总大小为 8M< / em > < / pre >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e243__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e245__20250121171611" > CMA 区域大小< / p >
< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_qp5_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_qp5_lpj_bdc" > PSRAM parameter --->
(< span class = "hl-number" > 0x0< / span > ) Software size in PSRAM < em class = "hl-comment" > // 配置 PSRAM 开头 Software 区域大小为 0， < / em > < / pre >
< / li > < li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d149067e251__20250121171611" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e253__20250121171611" > 可将 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .text< / span > 、< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .rodata< / span > 、< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .data< / span > 和
< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .bss< / span > 区域配置到 SRAM_S0/PSRAM 中：< / p >
< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_jtw_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_jtw_lpj_bdc" > ELF Sections memory locatio --->
Section .text (SRAM_S0) --->
Section .rodata (SRAM_S0) --->
Section .data (SRAM_S0) --->
Section .bss (PSRAM) --->
( ) SRAM_S0
(X) PSRAM < em class = "hl-comment" > // 在 SRAM 空间不足的情况下，选择把几部分数据存放到 PSRAM 当中< / em > < / pre >
< / li > < / ul >
< / section > < section class = "- topic/section section" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id10" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id10" > < h2 class = "- topic/title title sectiontitle" > 调试命令< / h2 >
< div class = "- topic/div div" >
< div class = "- topic/div div" > < strong class = "+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b" > 查看内存布局< / strong > < div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e284__20250121171611" > 在工程编译时，可以通过下列命令来查看当前工程的内存布局：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc" > scons --list-mem< / pre > < / div > < / div >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e289__20250121171611" > 输出结果示例如下所示：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_y21_4vm_mdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_y21_4vm_mdc" > scons: Reading SConscript files ...
output/d13x_demo88-nor_rt-thread_helloworld/images/d13x.elf Memory layout:
Region Start End Length
sram_s0 < span class = "hl-number" > 0x30040000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x30140000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00100000< / span >
└─ sram_s0_static < span class = "hl-number" > 0x30040000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x300ec1f8< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x000ac1f8< / span >
└─ .text < span class = "hl-number" > 0x30040000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x300ca3c0< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x0008a3c0< / span >
└─ .rodata < span class = "hl-number" > 0x300ca430< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x300ea7b0< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00020380< / span >
└─ .data < span class = "hl-number" > 0x300ea7c0< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x300ec1f8< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00001a38< / span >
└─ sram_s0_heap < span class = "hl-number" > 0x300ec1f8< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x30140000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00053e08< / span >
└─ .heap_sys < span class = "hl-number" > 0x300ec1f8< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x30140000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00053e08< / span >
psram < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40000000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40800000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00800000< / span >
└─ psram_cma < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40000000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40800000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00800000< / span >
└─ psram_cma_static < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40000000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40010348< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00010348< / span >
└─ .bss < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40000000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40010348< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00010348< / span >
└─ psram_cma_heap < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40010348< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40800000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x007efcb8< / span >
└─ .heap_cma < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40010348< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40800000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x007efcb8< / span > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "- topic/div div" > < strong class = "+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b" > 查看内存池的运行情况< / strong > < div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e298__20250121171611" > 在系统运行时，可以通过 RT-Thread 下的
< span class = "+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname" > free< / span > 命令来查看 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > heap_sys< / span > 和
< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > heap_cma< / span >
内存池的运行情况：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_free_command" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_free_command" > free< / pre > < / div > < div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d149067e311__20250121171611" > 结果输出示例如下：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc" data-ofbid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc" > memheap pool size max used size available size
---------------- ---------- ------------- --------------
heap_cma < span class = "hl-number" > 8362744< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 48< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 8362696< / span >
heap_sys < span class = "hl-number" > 758948< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 50384< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 710780< / span > < / pre > < / div > < / div >
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< div class = " wh_topic_toc " > < div class = "wh_topic_label" > 在本页上< / div > < ul > < li class = "section-item" > < div class = "section-title" > < a href = "#d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id7" data-tocid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id7" > 内存布局和使用策略< / a > < / div > < / li > < li class = "section-item" > < div class = "section-title" > < a href = "#d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id9" data-tocid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id9" > 参数配置< / a > < / div > < / li > < li class = "section-item" > < div class = "section-title" > < a href = "#d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id10" data-tocid = "d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id10" > 调试命令< / a > < / div > < / li > < / ul > < / div >
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