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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/boot/spi-nand-drivers.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">SPI NAND</h1><div class="date inPage">18 Dec 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
Read time: 4 minute(s)
</div><div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody"><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e22__20250121171609">本章节描述 SPI NAND 驱动的相关配置和使用。</p><section class="- topic/section section" id="spiNand_1__section_iqb_3ch_bzb" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__section_iqb_3ch_bzb"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">驱动框架</h2>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e29__20250121171609">SPI NAND 的操作基于 SPI 命令，除了个别型号可能有不同之外，基本上操作和行为都是一致的， 所以 U-Boot 中已经实现了共用版本的 SPI NAND
驱动，具体器件只需要添加小部分驱动代码即可。</p>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e32__20250121171609">相关配置：</p>
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="spiNand_1__ul_kqb_3ch_bzb" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__ul_kqb_3ch_bzb"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d141869e36__20250121171609">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e38__20250121171609">CONFIG_MTD</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d141869e41__20250121171609">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e43__20250121171609">CONFIG_DM_SPI</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d141869e46__20250121171609">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e48__20250121171609">CONFIG_SPI_MEM</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d141869e51__20250121171609">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e53__20250121171609">CONFIG_MTD_SPI_NAND</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d141869e56__20250121171609">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e58__20250121171609">CONFIG_SPL_SPI_NAND_ARTINCHIP</p>
</li></ul>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e62__20250121171609">源码位于 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">drivers/mtd/nand/spi/</span>。</p>
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="spiNand_1__section_nqb_3ch_bzb" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__section_nqb_3ch_bzb"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">驱动接口</h2>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e73__20250121171609">SPI NAND 属于 MTD 设备，使用 MTD 相关接口。具体参考：</p>
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="spiNand_1__ul_pqb_3ch_bzb" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__ul_pqb_3ch_bzb"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d141869e77__20250121171609">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e79__20250121171609"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">include/linux/mtd/mtd.h</span></p>
</li></ul>
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="spiNand_1__section_qqb_3ch_bzb" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__section_qqb_3ch_bzb"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">初始化和读写</h2>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e89__20250121171609">SPI NAND 是挂载在 SPI 总线上的 MTD 设备，初始化 probe 在 MTD 设备第一次被使用时触发。 调用
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/apiname keyword apiname">mtd_probe_devices()</span> 是对 MTD
设备驱动初始化的常用方式。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spiNand_1__codeblock_hzh_gvx_sdc" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__codeblock_hzh_gvx_sdc">mtd_probe_devices(<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong>)
|-&gt; mtd_probe_uclass_mtd_devs(<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong>) <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/mtd_uboot.c</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// 通过 while 循环，逐个 UCLASS_MTD 设备 find</em>
|-&gt; uclass_find_device(UCLASS_MTD, idx, &amp;dev)
|-&gt; mtd_probe(dev)
|-&gt; device_probe(dev)
|-&gt; spinand_probe(dev) <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/nand/spi/core.c</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// spinand = dev_get_priv(dev);</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// slave = dev_get_parent_priv(dev);</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// mtd = dev_get_uclass_priv(dev);</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// nand = &amp;spinand-&gt;base;</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">//</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// spinand-&gt;slave = slave;</em>
|
|-&gt; spinand_init(spinand);
| |-&gt; spinand_detect(spinand);
| | |-&gt; spinand_manufacturer_detect(spinand);
| | | <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/nand/spi/core.c</em>
| | |-&gt; spinand_manufacturers[i]-&gt;ops-&gt;detect(spinand);
| | <em class="hl-comment">// 尝试厂商的 detect 函数</em>
| |
| |-&gt; spinand_manufacturer_init(spinand);
| |-&gt; nanddev_init(nand, &amp;spinand_ops, THIS_MODULE);
| | | <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/nand/core.c</em>
| | | <em class="hl-comment">// mtd-&gt;type = memorg-&gt;bits_per_cell == 1 ?</em>
| | | <em class="hl-comment">// MTD_NANDFLASH : MTD_MLCNANDFLASH;</em>
| | |
| | |-&gt; nanddev_bbt_init(nand) <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/nand/bbt.c</em>
| | <em class="hl-comment">// 此处仅申请标记坏块的 Cache 空间，不做坏块检查</em>
| |
| |-&gt; <em class="hl-comment">// mtd = spinand-&gt;base.mtd</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">//</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// mtd-&gt;_read_oob = spinand_mtd_read;</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// mtd-&gt;_write_oob = spinand_mtd_write;</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// mtd-&gt;_block_isbad = spinand_mtd_block_isbad;</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// mtd-&gt;_block_markbad = spinand_mtd_block_markbad;</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// mtd-&gt;_block_isreserved = spinand_mtd_block_isreserved;</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// mtd-&gt;_erase = spinand_mtd_erase;</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">//</em>
| <em class="hl-comment">// 此处完成 mtd 的初始化</em>
|
|-&gt; add_mtd_device(mtd);
|-&gt; idr_alloc(&amp;mtd_idr, mtd, <span class="hl-number">0</span>, <span class="hl-number">0</span>, GFP_KERNEL);
<em class="hl-comment">// 添加到 mtd_idr 列表中</em></pre></div>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e97__20250121171609">NAND 存储设备在访问前，通常要做一次坏块检查。U-Boot
中在添加分区的时候进行检查坏块：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spiNand_1__codeblock_kpw_gvx_sdc" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__codeblock_kpw_gvx_sdc">do_mtd_list(); <em class="hl-comment">// cmd/mtd.c</em>
|-&gt; mtd_probe_devices(); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/mtd_uboot.c</em>
|-&gt; add_mtd_partitions(); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/mtdpart.c</em>
|-&gt; allocate_partition(); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/mtdpart.c</em>
| | <em class="hl-comment">// 这里做坏块统计</em>
| |-&gt; mtd_block_isbad(); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c</em>
| |-&gt; mtd-&gt;_block_isbad(mtd, ofs);
| spinand_mtd_block_isbad(); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/nand/spi/core.c</em>
| |-&gt; nanddev_isbad(); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/nand/core.c</em>
| |-&gt; spinand_isbad(); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/nand/spi/core.c</em>
| |-&gt; spinand_read_page();
|
|-&gt; add_mtd_device(slave); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c</em></pre></div>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e102__20250121171609">上层应用，如 mtd 命令和 UBI，通过 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/apiname keyword apiname">mtd_read</span> / <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/apiname keyword apiname">mtd_write</span> API
进行读写等操作。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spiNand_1__codeblock_uml_hvx_sdc" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__codeblock_uml_hvx_sdc">mtd_read
|-&gt; mtd-&gt;_read_oob(mtd, from, &amp;ops);
part_read_oob(mtd, from, &amp;ops); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/mtdpart.c</em>
|-&gt; mtd-&gt;parent-&gt;_read_oob(mtd-&gt;parent, from + mtd-&gt;offset, ops);
spinand_mtd_read(mtd, from, &amp;ops); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/nand/spi/core.c</em>
|-&gt; spinand_read_page(spinand, &amp;iter.req, enable_ecc);
|-&gt; spinand_load_page_op(spinand, req);
| |-&gt; spi_mem_exec_op(spinand-&gt;slave, &amp;op); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/spi/spi-mem.c</em>
| |-&gt; ops-&gt;mem_ops-&gt;exec_op(slave, op);
| aic_spi_mem_exec_op(slave, op);
| <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/spi/artinchip_spi.c</em>
|
|-&gt; spinand_read_from_cache_op(spinand, req);
|-&gt; spi_mem_exec_op(spinand-&gt;slave, &amp;op);
|-&gt; ops-&gt;mem_ops-&gt;exec_op(slave, op);
aic_spi_mem_exec_op(slave, op);
<em class="hl-comment">// drivers/spi/artinchip_spi.c</em></pre><pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spiNand_1__codeblock_q4g_3vx_sdc" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__codeblock_q4g_3vx_sdc">mtd_write
|-&gt; mtd-&gt;_write_oob(mtd, to, &amp;ops);
part_write_oob(mtd, to, &amp;ops); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/mtd/mtdpart.c</em>
|-&gt; mtd-&gt;parent-&gt;_write_oob(mtd-&gt;parent, to + mtd-&gt;offset, ops);
spinand_mtd_write(mtd, to, &amp;ops);
|-&gt; spinand_write_page(spinand, &amp;iter.req);
|-&gt; spinand_write_enable_op(spinand);
|-&gt; spinand_write_to_cache_op(spinand, req);
|-&gt; spinand_program_op(spinand, req);
|-&gt; spi_mem_exec_op(spinand-&gt;slave, &amp;op); <em class="hl-comment">// drivers/spi/spi-mem.c</em>
|-&gt; ops-&gt;mem_ops-&gt;exec_op(slave, op);
aic_spi_mem_exec_op(slave, op);
<em class="hl-comment">// drivers/spi/artinchip_spi.c</em></pre></div>
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="spiNand_1__section_vqb_3ch_bzb" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__section_vqb_3ch_bzb"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">添加新器件</h2>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d141869e120__20250121171609">U-Boot 的代码仅配置了数量有限的 SPI NAND 器件，在使用新器件时，需要在代码中增加对新器件的支持。</p>
<p class="- topic/p p" id="spiNand_1__p_ejw_gzx_sdc" data-ofbid="spiNand_1__p_ejw_gzx_sdc">查看 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">drivers/mtd/nand/spi/</span> 源码目录，确认 SPI NAND
器件的厂商是否在支持列表。例如，查看源码目录中是否存在 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">winbond.c</span> 。如果不存在，则需要添加新厂商支持，详情可查看
<a xml:lang="zh-CN" lang="zh-CN" class="- topic/xref xref" href="../spinand/spi-nand-transplant-guide.html">SPI NAND 移植</a>。</p>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#spiNand_1__section_iqb_3ch_bzb" data-tocid="spiNand_1__section_iqb_3ch_bzb">驱动框架</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#spiNand_1__section_nqb_3ch_bzb" data-tocid="spiNand_1__section_nqb_3ch_bzb">驱动接口</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#spiNand_1__section_qqb_3ch_bzb" data-tocid="spiNand_1__section_qqb_3ch_bzb">初始化和读写</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#spiNand_1__section_vqb_3ch_bzb" data-tocid="spiNand_1__section_vqb_3ch_bzb">添加新器件</a></div></li></ul></div>
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