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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic topic" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/mem/d12x_mem_guide.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1"> 内存使用指南</h1><div class="date inPage">15 Jan 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 3 minute(s)
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</div><div class="- topic/body body"><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e21__20250121172118"> 硬件上使用 PSRAM 作为 Memory 主要存储单元，其典型大小为 8M/ 16M。</p><section class="- topic/section section" id="mem-intro__id18" data-ofbid="mem-intro__id18"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">内存布局和使用策略</h2>
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<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" data-ofbid="d345001e28__20250121172118"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="mem-intro__image_gsn_gcd_bdc" src="../../../images/memory/d12x_mem_layout.png" alt="d12x_mem_layout"/></div><br/></figure>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e33__20250121172118">如图所示，软件会使用以下策略来分配 PSRAM 内存资源，确保关键模块如 MPP 能够高效地获取所需内存，同时也为系统的其他部分提供足够的资源： </p>
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<ul class="- topic/ul ul simple" id="mem-intro__ul_hsn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__ul_hsn_gcd_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e37__20250121172118">将 PSRAM 分成以下两个主要区域：<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="mem-intro__ul_ftl_yyj_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__ul_ftl_yyj_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e40__20250121172118"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM CMA Region</code>：专供多媒体模块 MPP 使用。</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e44__20250121172118"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM Software Region</code>：供系统其他模块使用。</li></ul><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e48__20250121172118">上述区域划分可将 MPP 的动态内存池 (heap_cma) 和系统动态内存池 (heap_sys) 分离，避免 MPP
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的内存池碎片化。MPP 的内存分配基本是大块内存，而系统各模块的内存分配是各种尺寸大小都有，如果共享一个内存池容易造成 MPP 大块内存分配失败。</p></li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e50__20250121172118">
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e52__20250121172118">将每个 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">Region</span> 进一步划分成以下子区域：<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="mem-intro__ul_sd4_tzj_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__ul_sd4_tzj_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e58__20250121172118">静态分配 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">Static</span>：编译链接后可确认地址。</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e63__20250121172118">动态分配 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">Heap</span>：Heap 内存池运行时确定地址。</li></ul></div>
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</li></ul>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e70__20250121172118">最终 PSRAM 空间会被软件划分成四块区域： <ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="mem-intro__ul_jsn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__ul_jsn_gcd_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e73__20250121172118">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e75__20250121172118"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM SW Static</code>：系统静态分配区域。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e80__20250121172118">默认存放
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<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.text</span>，<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.rodata</span>，<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.data</span> 和
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<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.bss</span> 参数，即普通的函数定义和全局变量定义。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e95__20250121172118">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e97__20250121172118"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM SW Heap</code>：系统动态分配区域，即 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_sys</span>
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内存池。</p>
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<div class="- topic/p p" id="mem-intro__p_ohd_w2k_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__p_ohd_w2k_bdc">通过以下函数可以从该内存池分配内存。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_ud5_cmj_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_ud5_cmj_bdc">malloc(size);
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aicos_malloc(MEM_DEFAULT, size); <em class="hl-comment">// MEM_DEFAULT = 0</em></pre></div>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e110__20250121172118">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e112__20250121172118"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM CMA Static</code>：CMA
|
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静态分配区域，属于可选区域，通常情况下没有配置。</p>
|
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e120__20250121172118">通过加上 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">CMA_DATA_DEFINE</span>
|
|||
|
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宏声明可以将函数定义和全局变量定义链接到此区域：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_plj_dmj_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_plj_dmj_bdc"><em class="hl-comment">// 函数定义：</em>
|
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<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong> CMA_DATA_DEFINE test_func(<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong>); <em class="hl-comment">// CMA_DATA_DEFINE = PSRAM_CMA_DATA_DEFINE</em>
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<em class="hl-comment">// 全局变量定义：</em>
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CMA_DATA_DEFINE <strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> a = <span class="hl-number">1</span>;</pre></div>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e128__20250121172118">
|
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e130__20250121172118"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM CMA Heap</code>：CMA 动态分配区域，即 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_cma</span>
|
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内存池。</p>
|
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e138__20250121172118">可以通过以下函数从该内存池分配内存。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_osb_2mj_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_osb_2mj_bdc">aicos_malloc(MEM_CMA, size); <em class="hl-comment">// MEM_CMA = MEM_PSRAM_CMA</em></pre></div>
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</li></ul></div>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="mem-intro__id20" data-ofbid="mem-intro__id20"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">参数配置</h2>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e149__20250121172118">通过 <span class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname">scons --menuconfig</span> 命令进入 menuconfig
|
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配置界面，配置下列 Meomry
|
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相关参数：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc">Board options --->
|
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Mem Options ---></pre></div>
|
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<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="mem-intro__ul_qsn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__ul_qsn_gcd_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e158__20250121172118">
|
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|
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e160__20250121172118">PSRAM
|
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|
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总大小<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_f3s_tnj_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_f3s_tnj_bdc">PSRAM parameter --->
|
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|
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(<span class="hl-number">0x800000</span>) PSRAM size <em class="hl-comment">// 配置 PSRAM 总大小为 8M</em></pre></div>
|
|||
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d345001e165__20250121172118">
|
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e167__20250121172118">CMA
|
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|
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区域大小<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_jh1_5nj_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_jh1_5nj_bdc">PSRAM parameter --->
|
|||
|
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(<span class="hl-number">0x200000</span>) Software size in PSRAM <em class="hl-comment">// 配置 PSRAM 开头 Software 区域大小为 2M，剩余结尾 CMA 区域大小即为 6M</em></pre></div>
|
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</li></ul>
|
|||
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="mem-intro__id21" data-ofbid="mem-intro__id21"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">调试命令</h2>
|
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|
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<div class="- topic/div div">
|
|||
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<div class="- topic/div div"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">查看内存布局</strong><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e185__20250121172118">在工程编译时，可以通过下列命令来查看当前工程的内存布局：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc">scons --list-mem</pre></div></div>
|
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|
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e190__20250121172118">输出结果示例如下：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_gtq_5nj_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_gtq_5nj_bdc">scons: Reading SConscript files ...
|
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|
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output/d12x_demo68-nor_rt-thread_helloworld/images/d12x.elf Memory layout:
|
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|
|||
|
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Region Start End Length
|
|||
|
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psram <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x41000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x01000000</span>
|
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|
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└─ psram_sw <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x40200000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00200000</span>
|
|||
|
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└─ psram_sw_static <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x400e7ae8</span> <span class="hl-number">0x000e7ae8</span>
|
|||
|
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└─ .text <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x400a6640</span> <span class="hl-number">0x000a6640</span>
|
|||
|
|
└─ .rodata <span class="hl-number">0x400a66b0</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x400d6fa8</span> <span class="hl-number">0x000308f8</span>
|
|||
|
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└─ .bss <span class="hl-number">0x400d8c00</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x400e7ae8</span> <span class="hl-number">0x0000eee8</span>
|
|||
|
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└─ psram_sw_heap <span class="hl-number">0x400e7ae8</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x40200000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00118518</span>
|
|||
|
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└─ .heap_sys <span class="hl-number">0x400e7ae8</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x40200000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00118518</span>
|
|||
|
|
└─ psram_cma <span class="hl-number">0x40200000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x41000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00e00000</span>
|
|||
|
|
└─ psram_cma_heap <span class="hl-number">0x40200000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x41000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00e00000</span>
|
|||
|
|
└─ .heap_cma <span class="hl-number">0x40200000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x41000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00e00000</span></pre></div>
|
|||
|
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</div>
|
|||
|
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<div class="- topic/div div"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">查看内存池的运行情况</strong><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e199__20250121172118">在系统运行时，可以通过 RT-Thread 下的
|
|||
|
|
<span class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname">free</span> 命令来查看 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_sys</span> 和
|
|||
|
|
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_cma</span>
|
|||
|
|
内存池的运行情况：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_free_command" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_free_command">free</pre></div><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d345001e212__20250121172118">结果输出示例如下：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="mem-intro__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc" data-ofbid="mem-intro__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc">memheap pool size max used size available size
|
|||
|
|
---------------- ---------- ------------- --------------
|
|||
|
|
heap_cma <span class="hl-number">8362744</span> <span class="hl-number">48</span> <span class="hl-number">8362696</span>
|
|||
|
|
heap_sys <span class="hl-number">758948</span> <span class="hl-number">50384</span> <span class="hl-number">710780</span></pre></div></div>
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</section></div></article></main></div>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#mem-intro__id18" data-tocid="mem-intro__id18">内存布局和使用策略</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#mem-intro__id20" data-tocid="mem-intro__id20">参数配置</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#mem-intro__id21" data-tocid="mem-intro__id21">调试命令</a></div></li></ul></div>
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