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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/boot/fitImage_0.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">FIT Image 介绍</h1><div class="date inPage">28 May 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 2 minute(s)
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</div><div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody"><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e22__20250121171747">在 ArtInChip 启动系统的开发过程中，使用过不同的 Kernel Image 格式：<div class="- topic/note note note note_note" id="fitImage_0__note_ir2_m4y_nbc" data-ofbid="fitImage_0__note_ir2_m4y_nbc"><span class="note__title">注：</span>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e26__20250121171747">Kernel Image 外网参考资源：<a href="http://www.wowotech.net/u-boot/fit_image_overview.html" target="_blank" rel="external noopener"><span class="- topic/ph ph">http://www.wowotech.net/u-boot/fit_image_overview.html</span></a>。未来需要改用 FIT Image (ITB Image)。</p>
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</div></div><ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="fitImage_0__ul_ibc_5dh_bzb" data-ofbid="fitImage_0__ul_ibc_5dh_bzb"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e34__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e36__20250121171747">uImage：U-Boot 定义的一种启动镜像格式，由 64 字节的 U-Boot Image header 加上镜像内容构成。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e39__20250121171747">uImage 中的镜像内容，可以是未压缩的 Image，也可以是压缩的 Image，由 Linux kernel 编译时生成（依赖 uboot-tools 包中的
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mkimage 工具）。新版的 Linux kernel 不再生成 uImage 文件。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e42__20250121171747">uImage 文件的启动命令：</p>
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<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="fitImage_0__codeblock_ptd_drr_c1c" data-ofbid="fitImage_0__codeblock_ptd_drr_c1c">bootm <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">kernel addr</var> - <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">dtb addr</var></pre>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e53__20250121171747">其中 <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">kernel addr</var> 即 uImage 所在的内存地址。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e59__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e61__20250121171747">zImage：Image 经过压缩和打包后，生成的文件。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e64__20250121171747">将压缩后的 Image 作为 Payload，与一段解压缩代码一起编译链接，生成 zImage，因此 zImage 是一个可直接启动的自解压镜像。</p>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e67__20250121171747">启动命令为：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="fitImage_0__codeblock_hnx_y4y_nbc" data-ofbid="fitImage_0__codeblock_hnx_y4y_nbc">bootz <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">kernel addr</var> - <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">dtb addr</var></pre></div>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e77__20250121171747">其中 <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">kernel addr</var> 即 zImage 所在的内存地址。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e83__20250121171747">ARM64，RISCV 架构的 Linux kernel 编译，不再生成 zImage 格式的文件。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e86__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e88__20250121171747">Image.gz：Linux kernel 编译时生成的压缩文件，使用 gzip 算法直接对 Image 文件进行压缩生成。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e91__20250121171747">除了 Image.gz，使用其他压缩算法和压缩工具还可以生成下列标准压缩文件：</p>
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<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="fitImage_0__ul_hym_xdh_bzb" data-ofbid="fitImage_0__ul_hym_xdh_bzb"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e95__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e97__20250121171747">Image.lzo</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e100__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e102__20250121171747">Image.lz4</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e105__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e107__20250121171747">Image.bz2</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e110__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e112__20250121171747">Image.lzma</p>
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</li></ul>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e116__20250121171747">U-Boot 的启动命令为：</p>
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<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="fitImage_0__codeblock_c3n_1py_nbc" data-ofbid="fitImage_0__codeblock_c3n_1py_nbc">booti <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">kernel addr</var> - <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">dtb addr</var></pre>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e128__20250121171747">其中 <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">kernel addr</var> 即 Kernel 压缩文件所在的内存地址。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e134__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e136__20250121171747">Image：Linux kernel 编译时生成的未压缩 Image。</p>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e139__20250121171747">U-Boot 可以通过 <span class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname">booti</span> 命令直接运行该 Image（ARMv7 是 ArtInChip
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自行添加的命令支持启动），启动命令格式为：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="fitImage_0__codeblock_g2l_1rr_c1c" data-ofbid="fitImage_0__codeblock_g2l_1rr_c1c">booti <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">kernel addr</var> - <var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">dtb addr</var></pre></div>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e152__20250121171747">其中<var class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/varname keyword varname">kernel addr</var> 是 Image 文件所在的内存地址。 </p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e158__20250121171747">Image 文件的格式，在不同芯片架构上是不一样的。对于 ARM64 和 RISCV64，会有一个格式头。但是对于 ARM32，则没有 头信息。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e161__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e163__20250121171747">FIT Image (ITB Image)：Flattened Image Tree</p>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e166__20250121171747">原始参考文档:<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="fitImage_0__codeblock_ann_sqr_c1c" data-ofbid="fitImage_0__codeblock_ann_sqr_c1c">source/uboot-<span class="hl-number">2021.10</span>/doc/usage/fit.rst
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source/uboot-<span class="hl-number">2021.10</span>/doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt
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source/uboot-<span class="hl-number">2021.10</span>/doc/uImage.FIT/source_file_format.txt
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source/uboot-<span class="hl-number">2021.10</span>/doc/uImage.FIT/command_syntax_extensions.txt</pre></div>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e171__20250121171747">如 howto.txt 开篇所提，当前社区使用 FIT Image 的主要理由是：</p>
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<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="fitImage_0__ul_n2w_xdh_bzb" data-ofbid="fitImage_0__ul_n2w_xdh_bzb"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e175__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e177__20250121171747">更灵活的处理各种类型的 image 类型(压缩、非压缩、各种格式，各种配置组合)</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d275170e180__20250121171747">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d275170e182__20250121171747">可以处理安全启动过程中的安全校验（签名校验）</p>
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</li></ul>
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