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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/boot/uboot-parameter.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">启动参数</h1><div class="date inPage">4 Dec 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 4 minute(s)
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</div><div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody"><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e22__20250121171649">启动流程分为<a xml:lang="zh-CN" lang="zh-CN" class="- topic/xref xref" href="uboot-parameter.html#_1601__section_ibc_sfs_2bc">正常启动</a>和<a xml:lang="zh-CN" lang="zh-CN" class="- topic/xref xref" href="uboot-parameter.html#_1601__section_mrr_sfs_2bc">烧录启动</a>。在启动过程中，不同的启动流程传递的启动参数也不尽相同。本节介绍了各个启动流程中传递的启动参数。</p><section class="- topic/section section" id="_1601__section_ibc_sfs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__section_ibc_sfs_2bc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">正常启动流程</h2>
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<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" id="_1601__fig_hf2_vfs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__fig_hf2_vfs_2bc"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="_1601__image_egp_5fs_2bc" src="../../../images/boot/boot_param_riscv11.png" alt="boot_param_riscv"/></div><br/><figcaption data-caption-side="bottom" class="- topic/title title figcapcenter"><span class="figtitleprefix fig--title-label">图<span class="fig--title-label-number"> 1</span><span class="fig--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="fig--title">正常启动过程中的跳转</span></figcaption></figure>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e44__20250121171649">正常启动过程详细介绍：</p>
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<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="_1601__ol_yl4_tfs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__ol_yl4_tfs_2bc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e48__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e50__20250121171649">BROM 根据启动方式去定位 SPL 位置，初始化对应非易失性存储器，加载 SPL 到 SRAM 上，BROM 运行在 M-Mode。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e53__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e55__20250121171649">SPL 被执行。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e58__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e60__20250121171649">SPL PBP 部分代码初始化 DRAM，之后初始化非易失性存储器。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e63__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e65__20250121171649">SPL 加载 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">u-boot.itb</span> (包含 OpenSBI,U-Boot,DTB) 到 DRAM。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e71__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e73__20250121171649">OpenSBI 被执行，切换到 Mode。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e76__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e78__20250121171649">U-Boot 被执行。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e81__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e83__20250121171649">U-Boot 加载设备树 DTB，环境变量 ENV。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e86__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e88__20250121171649">U-Boot 加载 Kernel，DTB 到 DRAM。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e91__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e93__20250121171649">Kernel 被执行，加载 DTB。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e96__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e98__20250121171649">Rootfs 被执行，切换到 U-Mode，整个系统启动完成。</p>
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</li></ol>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="_1601__section_mrr_sfs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__section_mrr_sfs_2bc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">烧录启动流程</h2>
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<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" id="_1601__fig_bdm_ggs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__fig_bdm_ggs_2bc"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="_1601__image_z34_wfs_2bc" src="../../../images/boot/boot_param_riscv2.png" alt="boot_param_riscv2"/></div><br/><figcaption data-caption-side="bottom" class="- topic/title title figcapcenter"><span class="figtitleprefix fig--title-label">图<span class="fig--title-label-number"> 2</span><span class="fig--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="fig--title">烧录启动过程中的跳转</span></figcaption></figure>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e114__20250121171649">烧录启动过程详细介绍：</p>
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<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="_1601__ol_bj4_wfs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__ol_bj4_wfs_2bc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e118__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e120__20250121171649">配置烧录启动方式，BROM 通过 usb-otg 加载 DDR-Init 到 SRAM 上。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e123__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e125__20250121171649">DDR-Init 被执行，初始化 DRAM。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e128__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e130__20250121171649">返回 BROM。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e133__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e135__20250121171649">BROM 通过 usb-otg 加载 ENV 到 DRAM。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e138__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e140__20250121171649">BROM 通过 usb-otg 加载 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">u-boot.itb</span> (包含 OpenSBI,U-Boot,DTB)到
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DRAM。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e146__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e148__20250121171649">BROM 通过 usb-otg 加载 SPL 到 DRAM。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e151__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e153__20250121171649">SPL 被执行。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e156__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e158__20250121171649">SPL PBP 部分 SPL 代码初始化 DRAM,此阶段会检查 DRAM 是否已经被初始化，是则跳过。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e161__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e163__20250121171649">OpenSBI 被执行，切换到 S-Mode。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e166__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e168__20250121171649">U-Boot 被执行。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e171__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e173__20250121171649">U-Boot 加载设备树 DTB，环境变量 ENV（确定了程序烧录目的非易失性存储器）。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e177__20250121171649">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e179__20250121171649">U-Boot 进入到烧录模式，对目的非易失性存储器进行分区格式化，通过 usb-otg 加载烧录程序。</p>
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</li></ol>
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<div class="- topic/note note note note_note" id="_1601__note_k3j_xfs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__note_k3j_xfs_2bc"><span class="note__title">注：</span>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e185__20250121171649">烧录通过 U-Boot 实现，前面的过程都是在为 U-Boot 程序运行做准备。</p>
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</div>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e190__20250121171649">在上述各种跳转中，都会附带一些启动参数，用于将当前一级程序的信息传递给下一级程序， 辅助下一级程序的执行。</p>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="_1601__section_fkh_bgs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__section_fkh_bgs_2bc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">BROM 传递的参数</h2>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e198__20250121171649">BROM 跳转到 SPL 时传递的参数如下所示。</p>
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<div class="table-container"><table class="- topic/table table frame-all" id="_1601__id8" data-ofbid="_1601__id8" data-cols="3"><caption class="- topic/title title tablecap" data-caption-side="top" data-is-repeated="true"><span class="table--title-label">表<span class="table--title-label-number"> 1</span><span class="table--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="table--title">BROM 传递的参数</span></caption><colgroup><col style="width:28.693181818181824%"/><col style="width:28.40909090909091%"/><col style="width:42.89772727272727%"/></colgroup><thead class="- topic/thead thead"><tr class="- topic/row"><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="_1601__id8__entry__1">参数名称</th><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="_1601__id8__entry__2">寄存器</th><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" id="_1601__id8__entry__3">说明</th></tr></thead><tbody class="- topic/tbody tbody"><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id8__entry__1">boot device</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id8__entry__2">a0,bit[3:0]</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id8__entry__3">启动的存储介质 ID</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id8__entry__1">boot reason</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id8__entry__2">a0,bit[7:4]</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id8__entry__3">启动的原因，如冷启动、热启动</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="_1601__id8__entry__1">image id</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="_1601__id8__entry__2">a0,bit[11:8]</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="_1601__id8__entry__3">使用的备份镜像 ID</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e239__20250121171649">OpenSBI 跳转到 U-Boot 时传递的参数如下表所示。</p>
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<div class="table-container"><table class="- topic/table table frame-all" id="_1601__id9" data-ofbid="_1601__id9" data-cols="3"><caption class="- topic/title title tablecap" data-caption-side="top" data-is-repeated="true"><span class="table--title-label">表<span class="table--title-label-number"> 2</span><span class="table--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="table--title">OpenSBI 传递的参数</span></caption><colgroup><col style="width:28.57142857142857%"/><col style="width:28.57142857142857%"/><col style="width:42.857142857142854%"/></colgroup><thead class="- topic/thead thead"><tr class="- topic/row"><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="_1601__id9__entry__1">参数名称</th><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="_1601__id9__entry__2">寄存器</th><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" id="_1601__id9__entry__3">说明</th></tr></thead><tbody class="- topic/tbody tbody"><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id9__entry__1">boot device</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id9__entry__2">a3,bit[3:0]</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id9__entry__3">启动的存储介质 ID</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id9__entry__1">boot reason</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id9__entry__2">a3,bit[7:4]</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="_1601__id9__entry__3">启动的原因，如冷启动、热启动</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="_1601__id9__entry__1">image id</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="_1601__id9__entry__2">a3,bit[11:8]</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="_1601__id9__entry__3">使用的备份镜像 ID</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e281__20250121171649">传递参数结构体定义如下，具体实现可参考
|
||
<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">arch/riscv/include/asm/arch-artinchip/boot_param.h</span><pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="_1601__codeblock_b4k_kgs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__codeblock_b4k_kgs_2bc"><strong class="hl-keyword">union</strong> boot_params {
|
||
<em class="hl-comment">/*
|
||
* Save registers. Later's code use these register value to:
|
||
* 1. Get parameters from previous boot stage
|
||
* 2. Return to Boot ROM in some condition
|
||
*
|
||
* For SPL:
|
||
* a0 is boot param
|
||
* a1 is private data address
|
||
* For U-Boot:
|
||
* a0 is hartid from opensbi
|
||
* a1 is opensbi param
|
||
* a2 is opensbi param
|
||
* a3 is boot param from SPL
|
||
*/</em>
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">unsigned</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">long</strong> regs[<span class="hl-number">22</span>];
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> {
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">unsigned</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">long</strong> a[<span class="hl-number">8</span>]; <em class="hl-comment">/* a0 ~ a7 */</em>
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">unsigned</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">long</strong> s[<span class="hl-number">12</span>]; <em class="hl-comment">/* s0 ~ s11 */</em>
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">unsigned</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">long</strong> sp;
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">unsigned</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">long</strong> ra;
|
||
} r;
|
||
};</pre></div>
|
||
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="_1601__section_hkh_bgs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__section_hkh_bgs_2bc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">BROM 参数获取的过程</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e293__20250121171649">无论是 SPL 还是 U-Boot，在执行时的第一步动作就是保存这些启动参数， 具体实现可参考
|
||
<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">arch/riscv/cpu/start.S</span><pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="_1601__codeblock_awp_lgs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__codeblock_awp_lgs_2bc">_start:
|
||
<em class="hl-comment">/* Allow the board to save important registers */</em>
|
||
j save_boot_params
|
||
save_boot_params_ret:</pre></div>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e300__20250121171649"><span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">save_boot_params</span> 的实现在源文件
|
||
<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">arch/riscv/mach-artinchip/lowlevel_init.S</span><pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="_1601__codeblock_thq_mgs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__codeblock_thq_mgs_2bc">ENTRY(save_boot_params)
|
||
la t0, boot_params_stash
|
||
SREG a0, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">0</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG a1, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">1</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG a2, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">2</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG a3, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">3</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG a4, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">4</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG a5, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">5</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG a6, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">6</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG a7, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">7</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s0, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">8</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s1, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">9</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s2, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">10</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s3, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">11</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s4, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">12</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s5, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">13</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s6, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">14</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s7, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">15</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s8, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">16</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s9, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">17</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s10, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">18</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG s11, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">19</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG sp, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">20</span>(t0)
|
||
SREG ra, REGBYTES * <span class="hl-number">21</span>(t0)
|
||
j save_boot_params_ret
|
||
ENDPROC(save_boot_params)</pre></div>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e309__20250121171649">传递的参数被保存在全局变量 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">boot_params_stash</span> 中，SPL 或者 U-Boot 可从中获取相关信息。
|
||
在保存参数时，不仅将 a0,a1 寄存器保存起来，还将其他重要寄存器一起保存。</p>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e315__20250121171649"><span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">save_boot_params</span>使用到的相关宏定义在源文件<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">
|
||
``arch/riscv/mach-artinchip/lowlevel_init.S</span>。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="_1601__codeblock_usb_4gs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__codeblock_usb_4gs_2bc">#<span class="hl-directive">define</span> LREG ld
|
||
#<span class="hl-directive">define</span> SREG sd
|
||
#<span class="hl-directive">define</span> REGBYTES <span class="hl-number">8</span></pre></div>
|
||
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="_1601__section_lkh_bgs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__section_lkh_bgs_2bc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">参数获取接口</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e330__20250121171649">无论是在 SPL 还是在 U-Boot
|
||
中，都可以通过下列接口获取上一级引导程序传递的参数。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="_1601__codeblock_dhv_4gs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__codeblock_dhv_4gs_2bc"><strong class="hl-keyword">enum</strong> boot_reason aic_get_boot_reason(<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong>);
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">enum</strong> boot_device aic_get_boot_device(<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong>);</pre></div>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e335__20250121171649">相关的定义可参考文件：</p>
|
||
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="_1601__ul_nkh_bgs_2bc" data-ofbid="_1601__ul_nkh_bgs_2bc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e339__20250121171649">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e341__20250121171649"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">arch/riscv/include/asm/arch-artinchip/boot_param.h</span></p>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d224531e345__20250121171649">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d224531e347__20250121171649"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">arch/riscv/mach-artinchip/boot_param.c</span></p>
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
</section></div></article></main></div>
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<div id="wh_topic_toc_content">
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#_1601__section_ibc_sfs_2bc" data-tocid="_1601__section_ibc_sfs_2bc">正常启动流程</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#_1601__section_mrr_sfs_2bc" data-tocid="_1601__section_mrr_sfs_2bc">烧录启动流程</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#_1601__section_fkh_bgs_2bc" data-tocid="_1601__section_fkh_bgs_2bc">BROM 传递的参数</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#_1601__section_hkh_bgs_2bc" data-tocid="_1601__section_hkh_bgs_2bc">BROM 参数获取的过程</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#_1601__section_lkh_bgs_2bc" data-tocid="_1601__section_lkh_bgs_2bc">参数获取接口</a></div></li></ul></div>
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