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<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><meta name="description" content="内核中音频采用 ALSA 驱动框架，该框架管理所有与音频相关的软件与硬件，I2S 的驱动设计需要遵循该框架的基本要求。ALSA 音频框架将底层的硬件驱动分为三个部分：machine、pltform 与 codec。三者的关系如下图所示： ALSA 框架将底层划分为三部分后，使得 platform 和 codec 的驱动实现变得更加简单，二者只专注于实现自己的功能代码，由 machine 驱动来实现 ..."/><meta name="DC.rights.owner" content="(C) 版权 2025"/><meta name="copyright" content="(C) 版权 2025"/><meta name="generator" content="DITA-OT"/><meta name="DC.type" content="concept"/><meta name="DC.creator" content="yan.wang"/><meta name="DC.date.created" content="2024-01-18"/><meta name="DC.date.modified" content="2024-12-02"/><meta name="DC.format" content="HTML5"/><meta name="DC.identifier" content="i2s_architecture"/><meta name="DC.language" content="zh-CN"/><title>I2S 架构设计</title><!-- Build number 2023110923. --><meta name="wh-path2root" content="../../../"/><meta name="wh-toc-id" content=""/><meta name="wh-source-relpath" content="topics/sdk/i2s/i2s_arch.dita"/><meta name="wh-out-relpath" content="topics/sdk/i2s/i2s_arch.html"/>
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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/i2s/i2s_arch.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">I2S 架构设计</h1><div class="date inPage">2 Dec 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 1 minute(s)
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</div><div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody"><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d46280e23__20250121171517">内核中音频采用 ALSA 驱动框架，该框架管理所有与音频相关的软件与硬件，I2S 的驱动设计需要遵循该框架的基本要求。ALSA 音频框架将底层的硬件驱动分为三个部分：machine、pltform 与 codec。三者的关系如下图所示：</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d46280e25__20250121171517"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="i2s_architecture__image_kk1_sg3_d1c" src="../../../images/i2s/i2s_alsa_design.png" width="384" alt="design_12"/></div><br/></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d46280e29__20250121171517">ALSA 框架将底层划分为三部分后，使得 platform 和 codec 的驱动实现变得更加简单，二者只专注于实现自己的功能代码，由 machine 驱动来实现 platform 和 codec 的耦合，二者依靠 dai 和 codec_dai 进行数据传输。platform 驱动的主要作用是完成音频数据的管理，最终通过 SOC 的数字音频接口(cpu_dai)把音频数据传送给 codec 进行播放或将 codec 采集的音频数据存储到内存中。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d46280e31__20250121171517">在具体的实现上，ALSA 将 platform 驱动（platform 可以简单理解为 SOC 端的驱动）分为两部分：实现音频数据传输和管理的 DMA 驱动和 CPU
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DAI 的驱动。且 ALSA 框架中已实现了 DMA 对音频数据管理部分的驱动 代码，所以 S 的驱动只需要实现 CPU
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DAI 部分的驱动，音频数据管理部分只需要指定数据传输的起始地址或目的地址，以及传输位宽即可。</p><section class="- topic/section section" id="i2s_architecture__section_lc4_sg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_architecture__section_lc4_sg3_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">CPU DAI 驱动</h2>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d46280e38__20250121171517">在驱动实现上，无论是 codec 还是 platform，ALSA 将它们统一划分为 component 和 dai，所以，就要相应的实现 driver 和 driver。
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然后调用 component 进行统一注册。snd_soc_component_driver 主要是注册与 dapm 相关的音频控件等信息，snd_soc_dai_driver 主要是注册数字音频接口 S 或 PCM 等的信息及底层操作函数。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d46280e41__20250121171517">由于在 platform 端，主要是 S 接口和 DMA 的传输配置，不存在音频控件，所以 DAI 的驱动主要是实现 driver。包括指定 S 接口支持的通道数、采样率、支持的数据格式，以及对 S 配置和控制的回调函数集合 snd_soc_dai_ops 的实现</p>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="i2s_architecture__section_mc4_sg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_architecture__section_mc4_sg3_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">音频 DMA 驱动</h2>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d46280e49__20250121171517">ALSA 架构中，对 DMA 的一些配置和传输的函数已经由 ALSA 框架实现，所以这部分驱动实现只需要指定 playback 和 capture 中 DMA 传输的地址以及传输的位宽，然后调用 register
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进行注册即可。</p>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#i2s_architecture__section_lc4_sg3_d1c" data-tocid="i2s_architecture__section_lc4_sg3_d1c">CPU DAI 驱动</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#i2s_architecture__section_mc4_sg3_d1c" data-tocid="i2s_architecture__section_mc4_sg3_d1c">音频 DMA 驱动</a></div></li></ul></div>
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