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class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/chapter-title/chapter-memory-sdk.html" id="chapter-memory-d5856e3357-link">存储</a><div class="wh-tooltip"><p class="shortdesc">SDMC、SPI NAND、SPI NOR<span class="ph"> 以及文件系统</span> 等存储模块的介绍和使用说明。</p></div></div></div></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="concept_mcc_32s_nbc-d5856e3639" class="topicref" data-id="concept_mcc_32s_nbc" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action concept_mcc_32s_nbc-d5856e3639-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/chapter-title/chapter-multi-media-sdk.html" id="concept_mcc_32s_nbc-d5856e3639-link">多媒体</a><div class="wh-tooltip"><p class="shortdesc">GE、VE、Display、DVP、MPP、MPP 播放器等多媒体模块的介绍和使用说明。</p></div></div></div></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="concept_nww_hzh_pzb-d5856e4868" class="topicref" data-id="concept_nww_hzh_pzb" 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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/mem/d13x-mem-1-sram-psram.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">SRAM + PSRAM</h1><div class="date inPage">15 Jan 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
|
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Read time: 4 minute(s)
|
||
</div><div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody"><p class="- topic/shortdesc shortdesc"></p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e20__20250121171611">作为一种典型的内存配置使用场景，SRAM + PSRAM 配置有如下特点：<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_c2q_3bk_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_c2q_3bk_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e23__20250121171611">SRAM_S0 速度较快但是容量较小，提供给软件系统使用。</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e25__20250121171611">PSRAM 速度略慢但是容量较大，提供给多媒体外设模块 DE/GE/VE 作为缓存使用。</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e27__20250121171611">外设模块的 DMA 直接存取内存。</li></ul></div><section class="- topic/section section" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id7" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id7"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">内存布局和使用策略</h2>
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||
|
||
<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__fig_cfz_wpj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__fig_cfz_wpj_bdc"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__image_ypn_gcd_bdc" src="../../../images/memory/d13x_mem_layout1.png" width="576" alt="d13x_mem_layout1"/></div><br/></figure>
|
||
<div class="- topic/note note note note_note" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__note_n1h_3pj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__note_n1h_3pj_bdc"><span class="note__title">注：</span>
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||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e41__20250121171611">为了减少总线冲突，DE/ GE/ VE 硬件上已被限制不能访问 SRAM_S0 区域的内存。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e45__20250121171611">如图所示，软件会使用以下策略来分配 Hardware Memory 资源：</p>
|
||
<ul class="- topic/ul ul simple" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_zpn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_zpn_gcd_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e49__20250121171611">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e51__20250121171611">将 SRAM 的 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">SRAM_S0 Region</code> 区域提供给系统软件使用。</p>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e57__20250121171611">
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e59__20250121171611">将 PSRAM 分成两个区域： <ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_qth_rbk_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_qth_rbk_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e62__20250121171611"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM Software Region</code>：在 SRAM 不够系统软件用的情况下补充划分一部分
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||
PSRAM 给软件使用。</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e66__20250121171611"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM CMA Region</code>：专供多媒体模块 MPP 使用</li></ul></div>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e71__20250121171611">上述区域划分可将 MPP 的动态内存池 (heap_cma) 和系统动态内存池 (heap_sys) 分离，避免 MPP
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||
的内存池碎片化。MPP 的内存分配基本是大块内存，而系统各模块的内存分配是各种尺寸大小都有，如果共享一个内存池容易造成 MPP 大块内存分配失败。</p>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e74__20250121171611">
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||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e76__20250121171611">将每个 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">Region</span> 进一步划分成以下子区域：<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_sd4_tzj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_sd4_tzj_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e82__20250121171611">静态分配 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">Static</span>：编译链接后可确认地址。</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e87__20250121171611">动态分配 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">Heap</span>：Heap 内存池运行时确定地址。</li></ul></div>
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||
</li></ul>
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||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e95__20250121171611">最终 SRAM_S0 空间被软件划分成两块区域，PSRAM 空间会被划分成四块区域：<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_bqn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_bqn_gcd_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e98__20250121171611">
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||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e100__20250121171611"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">SRAM_S0 SW Static</code>：系统静态分配区域。 </p>
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||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e105__20250121171611">默认存放
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.text</span>，<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.rodata</span>，<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.data</span> 和
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.bss</span> 参数，即普通的函数定义和全局变量定义。</p>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e120__20250121171611">
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||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e122__20250121171611"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">SRAM_S0 SW Heap</code>：系统动态分配区域，即 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_sys</span>
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||
内存池。</p>
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||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e130__20250121171611">通过以下函数可以从该内存池分配内存。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_ud5_cmj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_ud5_cmj_bdc">malloc(size);
|
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aicos_malloc(MEM_DEFAULT, size); <em class="hl-comment">// MEM_DEFAULT = 0</em></pre></div>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e135__20250121171611">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e137__20250121171611"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM SW Static</code>：系统静态分配区域，属于可选区域，通常情况下未配置。</p>
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||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e142__20250121171611">通过加上 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">PSRAM_SW_DATA_DEFINE</span>
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||
宏声明可以将函数定义和全局变量定义链接到本区域：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_lm5_kpj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_lm5_kpj_bdc"><em class="hl-comment">// 函数定义：</em>
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<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong> PSRAM_SW_DATA_DEFINE test_func(<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong>);
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||
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||
<em class="hl-comment">// 全局变量定义：</em>
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||
PSRAM_SW_DATA_DEFINE <strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> a = <span class="hl-number">1</span>;</pre></div>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e150__20250121171611">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e152__20250121171611"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM SW Heap</code>：系统动态分配区域，即 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_psram_sw</span>
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内存池，属于可选区域，通常情况下没有配置。</p>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e160__20250121171611">通过以下函数可以从该内存池分配内存。
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||
<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_lvz_kpj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_lvz_kpj_bdc">aicos_malloc(MEM_PSRAM_SW, size);</pre></div>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e165__20250121171611">
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e167__20250121171611"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM CMA Static</code>：CMA 静态分配区域。<ul class="- topic/ul ul" data-ofbid="d149067e171__20250121171611"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e172__20250121171611">在 SRAM_S0 空间不够用时，通过 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">menuconfig</span> 配置菜单将
|
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<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.text</span>、<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.rodata</span>、<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.data</span>
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||
和 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.bss</span> 放置到 PSRAM 中，可以链接到本区域。</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e189__20250121171611">通过加上 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">CMA_DATA_DEFINE</span>
|
||
宏声明，可以将函数定义和全局变量定义链接到本区域。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_iqn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_iqn_gcd_bdc"><em class="hl-comment">// 函数定义：</em>
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||
<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong> CMA_DATA_DEFINE test_func(<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong>); <em class="hl-comment">// CMA_DATA_DEFINE = PSRAM_CMA_DATA_DEFINE</em>
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||
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||
<em class="hl-comment">// 全局变量定义：</em>
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||
CMA_DATA_DEFINE <strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> a = <span class="hl-number">1</span>;</pre></li></ul></div>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e197__20250121171611">
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||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e199__20250121171611"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">PSRAM CMA Heap</code>：CMA 动态分配区域，即 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_cma</span>
|
||
内存池。</p>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e207__20250121171611">通过以下函数可以从该内存池分配内存。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_kmm_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_kmm_lpj_bdc">aicos_malloc(MEM_CMA, size); <em class="hl-comment">// MEM_CMA = MEM_PSRAM_CMA</em></pre></div>
|
||
</li></ul></div>
|
||
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id9" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id9"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">参数配置</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e218__20250121171611">通过 <span class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname">scons --menuconfig</span> 命令进入 menuconfig
|
||
配置界面，配置下列 Meomry
|
||
相关参数：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc">Board options --->
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||
Mem Options ---></pre></div>
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||
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_nqn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__ul_nqn_gcd_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e227__20250121171611">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e229__20250121171611">SRAM_S0 总大小</p>
|
||
<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_oyp_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_oyp_lpj_bdc">SRAM parameter --->
|
||
(<span class="hl-number">0x100000</span>) SRAM Total Size <em class="hl-comment">// 配置 SRAM 总大小为 1M</em>
|
||
SRAM_S1 Size (<span class="hl-number">0</span>K) <em class="hl-comment">// 配置 SRAM_S1 大小为 0，即所有空间分配给 SRAM_S0</em></pre>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e235__20250121171611">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e237__20250121171611">PSRAM 总大小</p>
|
||
<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_kwr_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_kwr_lpj_bdc">PSRAM parameter --->
|
||
(<span class="hl-number">0x800000</span>) PSRAM size <em class="hl-comment">// 配置 PSRAM 总大小为 8M</em></pre>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e243__20250121171611">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e245__20250121171611">CMA 区域大小</p>
|
||
<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_qp5_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_qp5_lpj_bdc">PSRAM parameter --->
|
||
(<span class="hl-number">0x0</span>) Software size in PSRAM <em class="hl-comment">// 配置 PSRAM 开头 Software 区域大小为 0，剩余结尾 CMA 区域大小即为 8M</em></pre>
|
||
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d149067e251__20250121171611">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e253__20250121171611">可将 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.text</span>、<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.rodata</span>、<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.data</span> 和
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.bss</span> 区域配置到 SRAM_S0/PSRAM 中：</p>
|
||
<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_jtw_lpj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_jtw_lpj_bdc">ELF Sections memory locatio --->
|
||
Section .text (SRAM_S0) --->
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Section .rodata (SRAM_S0) --->
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||
Section .data (SRAM_S0) --->
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||
Section .bss (PSRAM) --->
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||
( ) SRAM_S0
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||
(X) PSRAM <em class="hl-comment">// 在 SRAM 空间不足的情况下，选择把几部分数据存放到 PSRAM 当中</em></pre>
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</li></ul>
|
||
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id10" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id10"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">调试命令</h2>
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<div class="- topic/div div">
|
||
<div class="- topic/div div"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">查看内存布局</strong><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e284__20250121171611">在工程编译时，可以通过下列命令来查看当前工程的内存布局：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc">scons --list-mem</pre></div></div>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e289__20250121171611">输出结果示例如下所示：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_y21_4vm_mdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_y21_4vm_mdc">scons: Reading SConscript files ...
|
||
output/d13x_demo88-nor_rt-thread_helloworld/images/d13x.elf Memory layout:
|
||
|
||
Region Start End Length
|
||
sram_s0 <span class="hl-number">0x30040000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x30140000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00100000</span>
|
||
└─ sram_s0_static <span class="hl-number">0x30040000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x300ec1f8</span> <span class="hl-number">0x000ac1f8</span>
|
||
└─ .text <span class="hl-number">0x30040000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x300ca3c0</span> <span class="hl-number">0x0008a3c0</span>
|
||
└─ .rodata <span class="hl-number">0x300ca430</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x300ea7b0</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00020380</span>
|
||
└─ .data <span class="hl-number">0x300ea7c0</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x300ec1f8</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00001a38</span>
|
||
└─ sram_s0_heap <span class="hl-number">0x300ec1f8</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x30140000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00053e08</span>
|
||
└─ .heap_sys <span class="hl-number">0x300ec1f8</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x30140000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00053e08</span>
|
||
psram <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x40800000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00800000</span>
|
||
└─ psram_cma <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x40800000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00800000</span>
|
||
└─ psram_cma_static <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x40010348</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00010348</span>
|
||
└─ .bss <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x40010348</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00010348</span>
|
||
└─ psram_cma_heap <span class="hl-number">0x40010348</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x40800000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x007efcb8</span>
|
||
└─ .heap_cma <span class="hl-number">0x40010348</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x40800000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x007efcb8</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="- topic/div div"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">查看内存池的运行情况</strong><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e298__20250121171611">在系统运行时，可以通过 RT-Thread 下的
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname">free</span> 命令来查看 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_sys</span> 和
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_cma</span>
|
||
内存池的运行情况：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_free_command" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_free_command">free</pre></div><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d149067e311__20250121171611">结果输出示例如下：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc" data-ofbid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc">memheap pool size max used size available size
|
||
---------------- ---------- ------------- --------------
|
||
heap_cma <span class="hl-number">8362744</span> <span class="hl-number">48</span> <span class="hl-number">8362696</span>
|
||
heap_sys <span class="hl-number">758948</span> <span class="hl-number">50384</span> <span class="hl-number">710780</span></pre></div></div>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id7" data-tocid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id7">内存布局和使用策略</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id9" data-tocid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id9">参数配置</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id10" data-tocid="d13x-mem-1-sram-psram__id10">调试命令</a></div></li></ul></div>
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