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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/boot/fitImage_2.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">使用 FIT Image</h1><div class="date inPage">28 May 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 2 minute(s)
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</div><div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody"><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e22__20250121171612">ArtInChip 项目中，将 Kernel Image 改为使用 FIT Image 的原因：</p><ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="fitImage_2__ul_ebm_zdh_bzb" data-ofbid="fitImage_2__ul_ebm_zdh_bzb"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d152701e25__20250121171612">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e27__20250121171612">快速启动的需要</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d152701e30__20250121171612">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e32__20250121171612">减少分区的需要</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d152701e35__20250121171612">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e37__20250121171612">安全启动的需要</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d152701e40__20250121171612">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e42__20250121171612">支持 RISCV 的需要</p>
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</li></ul><section class="- topic/section section" id="fitImage_2__section_d5k_wpy_nbc" data-ofbid="fitImage_2__section_d5k_wpy_nbc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">快速启动</h2>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e50__20250121171612">D21x 的快速启动，eMMC 的方案使用未压缩的 Image 速度最快，SPINOR/SPINAND 使用压缩的 zImage 比较合适。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e53__20250121171612">同时 U-Boot 加载 Kernel 最好只读取 Kernel Image 实际大小的数据，避免过多读取无关数据， 才能节省启动时间。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e56__20250121171612">U-Boot 加载 Kernel 时，无论 Image 还是 zImage，都没有头信息，因此即读取 Kernel Image
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的大小需要根据实际编译生成的镜像大小进行修改。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e59__20250121171612">如果采用 FIT Image 则可以避免上述问题。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e63__20250121171612">生成的 FIT Image 有一个信息头，U-Boot 可以先读取信息头的数据，得到 Image 大小，然后按照实际大小读取 剩下的 Kernel Image
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数据：</p>
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<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="fitImage_2__ol_alx_zdh_bzb" data-ofbid="fitImage_2__ol_alx_zdh_bzb"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d152701e67__20250121171612">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e69__20250121171612">从存储介质读取的数据可以做到尽可能的少</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d152701e72__20250121171612">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e74__20250121171612">开发者不需要手动修改读取的数据大小</p>
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</li></ol>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e78__20250121171612">当然是用了 FIT Image 之后，无论是使用压缩的 zImage/Image.gz 还是使用未压缩的 Image，对启动流程/启动命令 都没有影响，开发者仅需修改
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ITS 文件配置即可。</p>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="fitImage_2__section_gfv_xpy_nbc" data-ofbid="fitImage_2__section_gfv_xpy_nbc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">减少分区</h2>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e86__20250121171612">在使用 FIT Image 之前，Kernel 启动所需的 DTB 保存在一个独立的分区中。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e89__20250121171612">DTB 使用一个独立的分区保存对于 SPINOR/SPINAND 的方案而言是一种比较浪费空间的方式。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e92__20250121171612">对于 SPINOR 而言，一般存储空间都比较小，但是分区必须按照一个擦写单元进行，一般是 64KB， 而 DTB 绝大多数在 32KB 以内。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e95__20250121171612">对于 SPINAND 而言，分区同样必须按照一个擦写块进行，一般是 128KB 或者 256KB， 同时要考虑坏块的情况，需要多分配几个块进行备份。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e99__20250121171612">使用 FIT Image，Kernel 所使用的 DTB 与 Kernel 一起进行打包，存放到同一个分区， 有利于提高存储空间的利用效率，同时分区划分更简单。</p>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="fitImage_2__section_ctn_ypy_nbc" data-ofbid="fitImage_2__section_ctn_ypy_nbc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">安全启动</h2>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e107__20250121171612">在安全启动方案中，安全信任链的校验过程如下：</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e110__20250121171612"><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/menucascade ph menucascade"><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">BROM</span><abbr> > </abbr><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">SPL</span><abbr> > </abbr><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">U-Boot</span><abbr> > </abbr><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">Kernel</span><abbr> > </abbr><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">RootFS</span></span></p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e123__20250121171612">按照上述顺序逐级进行安全校验。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e126__20250121171612">在 SPL 校验 U-Boot 和 U-Boot 校验 Kernel 的阶段，如果使用 FIT Image，则已经有成熟的安全校验方案，
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并且启动处理流程与非安全方案基本一致。不采用 FIT Image，则安全方案和非安全方案所采用的启动流程 差异性比较大，不利于方案的开发和维护。</p>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="fitImage_2__section_mkl_zpy_nbc" data-ofbid="fitImage_2__section_mkl_zpy_nbc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">支持 RISCV</h2>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e134__20250121171612">RISCV 需要 OpenSBI 协助进行启动，OpenSBI 运行在 U-Boot 之前。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e137__20250121171612">启动流程：<span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/menucascade ph menucascade"><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">BROM</span><abbr> > </abbr><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">SPL</span><abbr> > </abbr><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">OpenSBI</span><abbr> > </abbr><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">U-Boot</span><abbr> > </abbr><span class="+ topic/ph ui-d/uicontrol ph uicontrol">Kernel</span></span></p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e151__20250121171612">RISCV 版本的 SPL 在加载运行 OpenSBI 和 U-Boot 时，仅支持使用 FIT Image， 即需要将下列几个数据打包为一个 ITB
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文件(uboot.itb)：</p>
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<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="fitImage_2__ul_ncj_b2h_bzb" data-ofbid="fitImage_2__ul_ncj_b2h_bzb"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d152701e155__20250121171612">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e157__20250121171612">OpenSBI</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d152701e160__20250121171612">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e162__20250121171612">U-Boot</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d152701e165__20250121171612">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e167__20250121171612">DTB</p>
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</li></ul>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e172__20250121171612">SPL 加载 uboot.itb，读取 DTB 和 U-Boot 到对应的位置，然后运行 OpenSBI，通过 OpenSBI 跳转到 U-Boot。启动的 DTB 是
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OpenSBI 和 U-Boot 共用。</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d152701e175__20250121171612">Kernel 也使用 FIT Image，可以简化 Image 的种类。</p>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#fitImage_2__section_d5k_wpy_nbc" data-tocid="fitImage_2__section_d5k_wpy_nbc">快速启动</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#fitImage_2__section_gfv_xpy_nbc" data-tocid="fitImage_2__section_gfv_xpy_nbc">减少分区</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#fitImage_2__section_ctn_ypy_nbc" data-tocid="fitImage_2__section_ctn_ypy_nbc">安全启动</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#fitImage_2__section_mkl_zpy_nbc" data-tocid="fitImage_2__section_mkl_zpy_nbc">支持 RISCV</a></div></li></ul></div>
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