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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/i2c/i2c_design.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">设计说明</h1><div class="date inPage">2 Dec 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 2 minute(s)
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</div><div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody"><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e22__20250121171601">源代码位于：<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">linux-5.10/drivers/i2c/busses/</span></p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e26__20250121171601"> I2C 的驱动文件如下：</p><div class="table-container"><table class="- topic/table table frame-all" id="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c" data-ofbid="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c" data-cols="2"><caption></caption><colgroup><col style="width:39.0625%"/><col style="width:60.9375%"/></colgroup><thead class="- topic/thead thead"><tr class="- topic/row"><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__1">文件</th><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" id="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__2">说明</th></tr></thead><tbody class="- topic/tbody tbody"><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__1"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">i2c-artinchip.h</span></td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__2">aic I2C 公用头文件，I2C 模块的寄存器定义，结构体定义等</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__1"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">i2c-artinchip-master.c</span></td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__2">I2C 作为 master 时的驱动文件</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__1"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">i2c-artinchip-slave.c</span></td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__2">I2C 作为 slave 时的驱动文件</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__1"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">i2c-artinchip-common.c</span></td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="i2c_design_intro__table_lnt_y5r_21c__entry__2">I2C 一些公用寄存器读写函数的实现，以及 driver 的定义</td></tr></tbody></table></div><section class="- topic/section section" id="i2c_design_intro__section_mnt_y5r_21c" data-ofbid="i2c_design_intro__section_mnt_y5r_21c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">模块架构</h2>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e68__20250121171601">linux 中 C 子系统的体系结构如下图所示</p>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e71__20250121171601">
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<br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="i2c_design_intro__image_nnt_y5r_21c" src="../../../images/i2c/subsystem_arch.png" alt="subsystem_arch"/></div><br/>
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</div>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e78__20250121171601">在 C 子系统中，SOC 厂商需要实现的就是 adapter 部分的驱动，I2C adapter 是对 controller 的软件抽象。具体到上图，就是实现
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adapter 的 algorithm 以及特定 SOC 的 I2C 代码部分。I2C 模块支持 master 和 slave 两种模式，所以 adapter
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的驱动实现也就分为两部分：I2C master 驱动和 slave 驱动。<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2c_design_intro__ul_dwk_2vr_21c" data-ofbid="i2c_design_intro__ul_dwk_2vr_21c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e81__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e83__20250121171601">I2C master</p>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e86__20250121171601">I2C 作为 master 时，驱动的实现主要包括 4 个部分：</p>
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<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="i2c_design_intro__ol_pnt_y5r_21c" data-ofbid="i2c_design_intro__ol_pnt_y5r_21c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e90__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e92__20250121171601">硬件参数配置：主要是设置 C 工作的主机模式，7bit 或 10bit 寻址，寻址的从机地址设置，FIFO
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设置以及总线传输速率等。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e95__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e97__20250121171601">SCL 时序参数设置：根据设置的总线传输速率，设置 SCL 的高低电平时间。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e100__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e102__20250121171601">i2c_algorithm 的实现：作为主机端，主要是 xfer 的实现。在驱动实现中，以 message
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为单位进行数据的收发，数据的传输采用中断的方式。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e105__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e107__20250121171601">中断的处理：处理 master 端的数据收发，并产生相应的 start、ack、nack、restart、stop 信号。</p>
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</li></ol>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e111__20250121171601">I2C slave<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e113__20250121171601">I2C 作为从机时，需要一个相应的后端软件(对 C 从设备的软件模拟)，该后端软件与 adapter 驱动，组合成具有相应功能的
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C 从设备。内核的 C 子系统框架中提供了一个 EEPROM 的软件后端，与 slave 驱动一起，可以作为一个具有 C 接口的 EEPROM
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使用。</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e115__20250121171601">
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<br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="i2c_design_intro__image_grg_kvr_21c" src="../../../images/i2c/twi_slave.png" width="384" alt="twi_slave"/></div><br/>
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</div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e121__20250121171601">I2C 作为 slave 时，驱动的实现主要包括 3 个部分：</p><ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="i2c_design_intro__ol_hrg_kvr_21c" data-ofbid="i2c_design_intro__ol_hrg_kvr_21c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e124__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e126__20250121171601">硬件参数配置：设置 C 工作的从模式，FIFO 设置等。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e129__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e131__20250121171601">i2c_algorithm 的实现：作为从机端，主要是 slave 和 unreg_slave 的实现。reg_slave
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用于将一个 client 注册到从模式的 i2c adapter 上，unreg_slave 的功能与 slave
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相反。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e134__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e136__20250121171601">中断的处理：处理 C 从机接收到的各种中断信号，并调用相应的回调函数进行数据的读写。</p>
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</li></ol></li></ul></div>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e140__20250121171601">综上，I2C 模块的驱动实现，主要的工作有：</p>
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<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2c_design_intro__ul_d4q_kvr_21c" data-ofbid="i2c_design_intro__ul_d4q_kvr_21c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e145__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e147__20250121171601">提供 C 控制器的 platform 驱动，初始化 C 适配器，判断 C 模块工作的主从模式，执行不同的初始化流程。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e150__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e152__20250121171601">I2C 模块作为主机时，提供 C 适配器的 algorithm，并用具体适配器的 xfer 函数填充 i2c_algorithm 的 xfer 指针，并把
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algorithm 指针赋值给 i2c_adapter 的 algo 指针。处理 master 端时序的设置以及 I2C
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作为主机时的各种中断信号处理。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126682e155__20250121171601">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126682e157__20250121171601">I2C 模块作为从机时，提供 C 适配器的 algorithm，实现具体适配器的 slave 和 unreg_slave 函数，并把 algorithm
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指针赋值给 i2c_adapter 的 algo 指针。处理 C 作为从机时的各种中断信号处理。</p>
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