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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/spinand/spi-nand_config.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">SPI NAND 配置</h1><div class="date inPage">18 Dec 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 2 minute(s)
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</div><div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody"><section class="- topic/section section" id="spi_nand_configuration__section_tbw_cqy_c1c" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__section_tbw_cqy_c1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">配置驱动层次关系</h2>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e28__20250121171531">SPI NAND 属于 SPI 的从设备，在内核中相关驱动通过 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">SPI MEM</code> 对接到 SPI 子系统。<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="spi_nand_configuration__ol_ycc_ggb_ndc" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__ol_ycc_ggb_ndc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d93658e34__20250121171531">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e36__20250121171531"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">SPI 控制器初始化</strong></p>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e40__20250121171531">在初始化过程中，SPI 驱动会检查 SPI 控制器下是否有挂载的 SPI NAND 设备。如有，则将 SPI NAND 设备添加到 SPI BUS
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中：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_nand_configuration__codeblock_lqy_dqy_c1c" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__codeblock_lqy_dqy_c1c">aic_spi_probe(dev);
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|-> spi_register_controller(ctlr);/spi_register_master(ctlr);/ spi_register_master 是一个宏
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|-> of_register_spi_devices(ctlr);
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|-> spi = of_register_spi_device(ctlr, nc);
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|-> spi = spi_alloc_device(ctlr);
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|-> of_spi_parse_dt(ctlr, spi, nc);
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|-> rc = spi_add_device(spi);
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<em class="hl-comment">// 将 SPI device 添加到 SPI 总线 spi_bus_type 中</em></pre></div>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d93658e47__20250121171531"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">设备匹配与驱动加载</strong>:<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e51__20250121171531">在调用 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">spi_add_device</code>
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的过程中，会查找和匹配对应设备的驱动程序。如发现对应的驱动程序未被添加到系统中，则先将设备添加到
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BUS，等到对应驱动程序被添加至系统中后再次进行匹配。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e56__20250121171531">SPI NAND 模块的驱动源码路径为
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<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">source/linux-5.10/drivers/mtd/nand/spi/</span>。</p></li></ol>
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</div>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="spi_nand_configuration__section_wbw_cqy_c1c" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__section_wbw_cqy_c1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">修改 DTS</h2>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e68__20250121171531">要在实际项目中使用 SPI NAND 设备，还需要修改 DTS 配置文件，详细流程如下所示：<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="spi_nand_configuration__ol_pd1_wgb_ndc" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__ol_pd1_wgb_ndc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d93658e71__20250121171531">
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e73__20250121171531">在 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">board.dts</span> 中具体的 SPI 控制器下添加
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<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">spi-nand</code>
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设备。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_nand_configuration__codeblock_izd_gqy_c1c" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__codeblock_izd_gqy_c1c">&spi1 {
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pinctrl-names = <span class="hl-string">"default"</span>;
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pinctrl-<span class="hl-number">0</span> = <&spi1_pins_a>;
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status = <span class="hl-string">"okay"</span>;
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spi-max-frequency = <<span class="hl-number">100000000</span>>;
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spi-flash@<span class="hl-number">0</span> {
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#address-cells = <<span class="hl-number">1</span>>;
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#size-cells = <<span class="hl-number">1</span>>;
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compatible = <span class="hl-string">"spi-nand"</span>; <em class="hl-comment">//固定值，所有 SPINand 驱动均声明此</em>
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spi-max-frequency = <<span class="hl-number">100000000</span>>; <em class="hl-comment">//最大频率，固定值</em>
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spi-tx-bus-width = <<span class="hl-number">4</span>>;
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spi-rx-bus-width = <<span class="hl-number">4</span>>;
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reg = <<span class="hl-number">0</span>>; <em class="hl-comment">//固定值，一般不需修改</em>
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status = <span class="hl-string">"okay"</span>;
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};
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};</pre></div>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d93658e84__20250121171531">
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e86__20250121171531">在 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">board-u-boot.dtsi</span> 文件中，将添加的
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<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">spi-nand</code> 设备标记为
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<kbd class="+ topic/ph sw-d/userinput ph userinput">u-boot,dm-pre-reloc</kbd>，确保 SPL
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能够识别和使用该设备。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_nand_configuration__codeblock_nsp_fqy_c1c" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__codeblock_nsp_fqy_c1c">&spi1 {
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u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;
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spi-flash@<span class="hl-number">0</span> {
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u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;
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};
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};</pre></div>
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</li></ol></div>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="spi_nand_configuration__section_zbw_cqy_c1c" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__section_zbw_cqy_c1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">配置 BUS Width</h2>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e106__20250121171531">根据 SPI NAND 芯片的总线宽度，正确设置 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">spi-tx-bus-width</code> 和
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<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">spi-rx-bus-width</code>：<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="spi_nand_configuration__ul_acw_cqy_c1c" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__ul_acw_cqy_c1c"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d93658e115__20250121171531">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e117__20250121171531">标准 SPI NAND 配置为 1</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d93658e120__20250121171531">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e122__20250121171531">Dual SPI NAND 配置为 2</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d93658e125__20250121171531">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e127__20250121171531">Quad SPI NAND 配置为 4</p>
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</li></ul></div>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d93658e131__20250121171531">宽总线的 SPI NAND 芯片可以在窄总线下工作，虽然宽总线设备会出现读写速度损失。例如，对于 Quad SPI
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NAND，配置示例如下：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_nand_configuration__codeblock_fsm_2hb_ndc" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__codeblock_fsm_2hb_ndc">spi-tx-bus-width = <<span class="hl-number">4</span>>;
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spi-rx-bus-width = <<span class="hl-number">4</span>>;</pre></div>
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<div class="- topic/note note note note_note" id="spi_nand_configuration__note_xrf_jhb_ndc" data-ofbid="spi_nand_configuration__note_xrf_jhb_ndc"><span class="note__title">注：</span> 窄总线设备无法在宽总线模式下工作。</div>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#spi_nand_configuration__section_tbw_cqy_c1c" data-tocid="spi_nand_configuration__section_tbw_cqy_c1c">配置驱动层次关系</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#spi_nand_configuration__section_wbw_cqy_c1c" data-tocid="spi_nand_configuration__section_wbw_cqy_c1c">修改 DTS</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#spi_nand_configuration__section_zbw_cqy_c1c" data-tocid="spi_nand_configuration__section_zbw_cqy_c1c">配置 BUS Width</a></div></li></ul></div>
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