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< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e33__20250519091528" > < span class = "- topic/ph ph" > D12x< / span > 硬件上使用 PSRAM 作为 Memory 主要存储单元，其典型大小为 8M/ 16M。< / p >
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< section class = "- topic/section section" id = "mem-intro__id18" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__id18" > < h2 class = "- topic/title title sectiontitle" > 内存布局和使用策略< / h2 >
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< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e52__20250519091528" > 如图所示，软件会使用以下策略来分配 PSRAM 内存资源，确保关键模块如 MPP 能够高效地获取所需内存，同时也为系统的其它部分提供足够的资源： < / p >
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< ul class = "- topic/ul ul simple" id = "mem-intro__ul_hsn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__ul_hsn_gcd_bdc" >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e57__20250519091528" > 将 PSRAM 分成以下两个主要区域：< ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "mem-intro__ul_ftl_yyj_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__ul_ftl_yyj_bdc" >
< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e61__20250519091528" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM CMA Region< / code > ：专供多媒体模块 MPP 使用。< / li >
< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e66__20250519091528" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM Software Region< / code > ：供系统其它模块使用。< / li >
< / ul > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e71__20250519091528" > 上述区域划分可将 MPP 的动态内存池 (heap_cma) 和系统动态内存池 (heap_sys) 分离，避免 MPP
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的内存池碎片化。MPP 的内存分配基本是大块内存，而系统各模块的内存分配是各种尺寸大小都有，如果共享一个内存池容易造成 MPP 大块内存分配失败。< / p > < / li >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e74__20250519091528" >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e76__20250519091528" > 将每个 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > Region< / span > 进一步划分成以下子区域：< ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "mem-intro__ul_sd4_tzj_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__ul_sd4_tzj_bdc" >
< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e83__20250519091528" > 静态分配 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > Static< / span > ：编译链接后可确认地址。< / li >
< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e89__20250519091528" > 动态分配 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > Heap< / span > ： < / li >
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< / ul > < / div >
< / li >
< / ul >
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< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e98__20250519091528" > 最终 PSRAM 空间会被软件划分成四块区域： < ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "mem-intro__ul_jsn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__ul_jsn_gcd_bdc" >
< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e102__20250519091528" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e104__20250519091528" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM SW Static< / code > ：系统静态分配区域。< / p >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e109__20250519091528" > 默认存放
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< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .text< / span > ， < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .rodata< / span > ， < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .data< / span > 和
< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > .bss< / span > 参数，即普通的函数定义和全局变量定义。< / p >
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< / li >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e125__20250519091528" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e127__20250519091528" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM SW Heap< / code > ：系统动态分配区域，即 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > heap_sys< / span >
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内存池。< / p >
< div class = "- topic/p p" id = "mem-intro__p_ohd_w2k_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__p_ohd_w2k_bdc" > 通过以下函数可以从该内存池分配内存。< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_ud5_cmj_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_ud5_cmj_bdc" > malloc(size);
aicos_malloc(MEM_DEFAULT, size); < em class = "hl-comment" > // MEM_DEFAULT = 0< / em > < / pre > < / div >
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< / li >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e141__20250519091528" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e143__20250519091528" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM CMA Static< / code > ：
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静态分配区域，属于可选区域，通常情况下没有配置。< / p >
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< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e151__20250519091528" > 通过加上 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > CMA_DATA_DEFINE< / span >
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宏声明可以将函数定义和全局变量定义链接到此区域：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_plj_dmj_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_plj_dmj_bdc" > < em class = "hl-comment" > // 函数定义：< / em >
< strong class = "hl-keyword" > void< / strong > CMA_DATA_DEFINE test_func(< strong class = "hl-keyword" > void< / strong > ); < em class = "hl-comment" > // CMA_DATA_DEFINE = PSRAM_CMA_DATA_DEFINE< / em >
< em class = "hl-comment" > // 全局变量定义：< / em >
CMA_DATA_DEFINE < strong class = "hl-keyword" > int< / strong > a = < span class = "hl-number" > 1< / span > ;< / pre > < / div >
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< / li >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e160__20250519091528" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e162__20250519091528" > < code class = "+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph" > PSRAM CMA Heap< / code > ： < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > heap_cma< / span >
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内存池。< / p >
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< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e170__20250519091528" > 可以通过以下函数从该内存池分配内存。< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_osb_2mj_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_osb_2mj_bdc" > aicos_malloc(MEM_CMA, size); < em class = "hl-comment" > // MEM_CMA = MEM_PSRAM_CMA< / em > < / pre > < / div >
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< / li >
< / ul > < / div >
< / section >
< section class = "- topic/section section" id = "mem-intro__id20" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__id20" > < h2 class = "- topic/title title sectiontitle" > 参数配置< / h2 >
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< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e183__20250519091528" > 通过 < span class = "+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname" > scons --menuconfig< / span > 命令进入 menuconfig
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配置界面，配置下列 Meomry
相关参数：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc" > Board options --->
Mem Options ---> < / pre > < / div >
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< ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "mem-intro__ul_qsn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__ul_qsn_gcd_bdc" >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e193__20250519091528" >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e195__20250519091528" > PSRAM
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总大小< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_f3s_tnj_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_f3s_tnj_bdc" > PSRAM parameter --->
(< span class = "hl-number" > 0x800000< / span > ) PSRAM size < em class = "hl-comment" > // 配置 PSRAM 总大小为 8M< / em > < / pre > < / div >
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< / li >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d203558e201__20250519091528" >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e203__20250519091528" > CMA
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区域大小< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_jh1_5nj_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_jh1_5nj_bdc" > PSRAM parameter --->
(< span class = "hl-number" > 0x200000< / span > ) Software size in PSRAM < em class = "hl-comment" > // 配置 PSRAM 开头 Software 区域大小为 2M， < / em > < / pre > < / div >
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / section >
< section class = "- topic/section section" id = "mem-intro__id21" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__id21" > < h2 class = "- topic/title title sectiontitle" > 调试命令< / h2 >
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< div class = "- topic/div div" >
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< div class = "- topic/div div" > < strong class = "+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b" > 查看内存布局< / strong > < div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e223__20250519091528" > 在工程编译时，可以通过下列命令来查看当前工程的内存布局：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc" > scons --list-mem< / pre > < / div > < / div >
< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e228__20250519091528" > 输出结果示例如下：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_gtq_5nj_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_gtq_5nj_bdc" > scons: Reading SConscript files ...
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output/d12x_demo68-nor_rt-thread_helloworld/images/d12x.elf Memory layout:
Region Start End Length
psram < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40000000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x41000000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x01000000< / span >
└─ psram_sw < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40000000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40200000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00200000< / span >
└─ psram_sw_static < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40000000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x400e7ae8< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x000e7ae8< / span >
└─ .text < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40000000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x400a6640< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x000a6640< / span >
└─ .rodata < span class = "hl-number" > 0x400a66b0< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x400d6fa8< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x000308f8< / span >
└─ .bss < span class = "hl-number" > 0x400d8c00< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x400e7ae8< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x0000eee8< / span >
└─ psram_sw_heap < span class = "hl-number" > 0x400e7ae8< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40200000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00118518< / span >
└─ .heap_sys < span class = "hl-number" > 0x400e7ae8< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40200000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00118518< / span >
└─ psram_cma < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40200000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x41000000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00e00000< / span >
└─ psram_cma_heap < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40200000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x41000000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00e00000< / span >
└─ .heap_cma < span class = "hl-number" > 0x40200000< / span > - < span class = "hl-number" > 0x41000000< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 0x00e00000< / span > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
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< div class = "- topic/div div" > < strong class = "+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b" > 查看内存池的运行情况< / strong > < div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e237__20250519091528" > 在系统运行时，可以通过 RT-Thread 下的
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< span class = "+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname" > free< / span > 命令来查看 < span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > heap_sys< / span > 和
< span class = "+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname" > heap_cma< / span >
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内存池的运行情况：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_free_command" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_free_command" > free< / pre > < / div > < div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d203558e250__20250519091528" > 结果输出示例如下：< pre class = "+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id = "mem-intro__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc" data-ofbid = "mem-intro__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc" > memheap pool size max used size available size
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---------------- ---------- ------------- --------------
heap_cma < span class = "hl-number" > 8362744< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 48< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 8362696< / span >
heap_sys < span class = "hl-number" > 758948< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 50384< / span > < span class = "hl-number" > 710780< / span > < / pre > < / div > < / div >
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< / section >
< / div >
< / article > < / main > < / div >
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< / div >
< nav role = "navigation" id = "wh_topic_toc" aria-label = "On this page" class = "col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block navbar d-print-none" >
< div id = "wh_topic_toc_content" >
< div class = " wh_topic_toc " > < div class = "wh_topic_label" > 在本页上< / div > < ul > < li class = "section-item" > < div class = "section-title" > < a href = "#mem-intro__id18" data-tocid = "mem-intro__id18" > 内存布局和使用策略< / a > < / div > < / li > < li class = "section-item" > < div class = "section-title" > < a href = "#mem-intro__id20" data-tocid = "mem-intro__id20" > 参数配置< / a > < / div > < / li > < li class = "section-item" > < div class = "section-title" > < a href = "#mem-intro__id21" data-tocid = "mem-intro__id21" > 调试命令< / a > < / div > < / li > < / ul > < / div >
< / div >
< / nav >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< footer class = "navbar navbar-default wh_footer" >
< div class = " footer-container mx-auto " >
< title > footer def< / title >
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< style >
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.p1 {
font-family: FangZhengShuSong, Times, serif;
}
.p2 {
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
.p3 {
font-family: "Lucida Console", "Courier New", monospace;
}
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< / style >
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< div class = "webhelp.fragment.footer" >
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< p class = "p1" > Copyright © 2019-2025 广东匠芯创科技有限公司. All rights reserved.< / p >
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< div >
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< div class = "generation_time" >
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Update Time: 2025-05-19
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< div id = "go2top" class = "d-print-none" >
< span class = "oxy-icon oxy-icon-up" > < / span >
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< div id = "modal_img_large" class = "modal" >
< span class = "close oxy-icon oxy-icon-remove" > < / span >
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< script src = "${pd}/publishing/publishing-styles-AIC-template/js/custom.js" defer = "defer" > < / script >
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