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< div class = "date inPage" > 16 May 2025< / div > < div style = "color: gray;" >
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Read time: 1 minute(s)
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< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e33__20250519091529" > Direction memory access (DMA) 模块提供一种高效的数据传输技术，能够在不受 CPU 干预的情况下进行设备间的数据传输，从而减少 CPU 负荷。CPU
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使能 DMA 之后，就退出操作，由 DMA 独立自主控制数据传输。此外， < div class = "- topic/note note note note_note" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__note_j3d_ywx_bdc" data-ofbid = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__note_j3d_ywx_bdc" > < span class = "note__title" > 注：< / span > 关于 DMA 可以连接的设备列表，可查看具体产品型号对应的数据手册。关于 DMA 存储单元的详细说明，可查看具体产品型号用户手册的功能框图。< / div > < / div >
< div class = "- topic/note note note note_note" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__note_ddj_kwj_bdc" data-ofbid = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__note_ddj_kwj_bdc" > < span class = "note__title" > 注：< / span > USB、GMAC、eMMC 等模块具有内置的 DMA。为了方便区分，
的硬件模块。< / div >
< div class = "table-container" > < table class = "- topic/table table frame-all" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb" data-ofbid = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb" data-cols = "3" > < caption class = "- topic/title title tablecap" data-caption-side = "top" data-is-repeated = "true" > < span class = "table--title-label" > 表< span class = "table--title-label-number" > 1< / span > < span class = "table--title-label-punctuation" > . < / span > < / span > < span class = "table--title" > 术语定义< / span > < / caption > < colgroup > < col style = "width:25%" / > < col style = "width:37.5%" / > < col style = "width:37.5%" / > < / colgroup > < thead class = "- topic/thead thead" >
< tr class = "- topic/row" >
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< th class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb__entry__1" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e59__20250519091529" > 术语< / p > < / th >
< th class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb__entry__2" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e63__20250519091529" > 定义< / p > < / th >
< th class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb__entry__3" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e67__20250519091529" > 注释说明< / p > < / th >
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< / tr >
< / thead > < tbody class = "- topic/tbody tbody" >
< tr class = "- topic/row" >
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< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb__entry__1" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e77__20250519091529" > DMA< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb__entry__2" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e81__20250519091529" > Direct Memory Access< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb__entry__3" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e85__20250519091529" > 直接存储器访问< / p > < / td >
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< / tr >
< tr class = "- topic/row" >
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< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb__entry__1" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e92__20250519091529" > DRQ< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb__entry__2" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e96__20250519091529" > DMA Request< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_bdk_xwd_hzb__entry__3" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e100__20250519091529" > 指 DMA 请求的端口号< / p > < / td >
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< / tr >
< / tbody > < / table > < / div >
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< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e107__20250519091529" > DMA 模块特性：< ul class = "- topic/ul ul" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__ul_ddk_xwd_hzb" data-ofbid = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__ul_ddk_xwd_hzb" >
< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d210345e111__20250519091529" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e113__20250519091529" > 支持八个 DMA 通道，每通道有 32 个源端和 32 个终端可选< / p >
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< / li >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d210345e117__20250519091529" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e119__20250519091529" > 采用链表配置方式，寄存器描述通道状态< / p >
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< / li >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d210345e123__20250519091529" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e125__20250519091529" > 设备位宽支持 8/ 16/ 32/ 64 位， < / p >
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< / li >
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< li class = "- topic/li li" data-ofbid = "d210345e129__20250519091529" >
< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e131__20250519091529" > DMA 源端、终端地址 8Byte 对齐< / p >
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< / li >
< / ul > < / div >
< figure class = "- topic/fig fig fignone" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__fig_qvh_1ks_c1c" data-ofbid = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__fig_qvh_1ks_c1c" >
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< div class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e141__20250519091529" >
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< br / > < div class = "imagecenter" > < img class = "- topic/image image imagecenter" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__image_ucv_yjs_c1c" src = "../../../images/dma/hw_system1.png" width = "384" alt = "dma_hw_system" / > < / div > < br / >
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< / div >
< figcaption data-caption-side = "bottom" class = "- topic/title title figcap" > < span class = "figtitleprefix fig--title-label" > 图< span class = "fig--title-label-number" > 1< / span > < span class = "fig--title-label-punctuation" > . < / span > < / span > < span class = "fig--title" > DMA 硬件的原理框图< / span > < / figcaption > < / figure >
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< p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e154__20250519091529" > 根据数据的源和目的，
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操作分为以下几种情况：< / p >
< div class = "table-container" > < table class = "- topic/table table frame-all" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc" data-ofbid = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc" data-cols = "4" > < caption class = "- topic/title title tablecap" data-caption-side = "top" data-is-repeated = "true" > < span class = "table--title-label" > 表< span class = "table--title-label-number" > 2< / span > < span class = "table--title-label-punctuation" > . < / span > < / span > < span class = "table--title" > DMA 操作定义< / span > < / caption > < colgroup > < col style = "width:4%" / > < col style = "width:16%" / > < col style = "width:40%" / > < col style = "width:40%" / > < / colgroup > < thead class = "- topic/thead thead" >
< tr class = "- topic/row" >
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< th class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__1" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e183__20250519091529" > -< / p > < / th >
< th class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__2" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e187__20250519091529" > 内核中类型定义< / p > < / th >
< th class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__3" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e191__20250519091529" > 含义< / p > < / th >
< th class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" id = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__4" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e195__20250519091529" > 特点< / p > < / th >
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< / tr >
< / thead > < tbody class = "- topic/tbody tbody" >
< tr class = "- topic/row" >
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< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__1" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e206__20250519091529" > 1< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__2" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e210__20250519091529" > DMA_MEM_TO_MEM< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__3" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e214__20250519091529" > 从内存到内存< / p > 将数据从一个内存区域复制到另一个内存区域（包括 DRAM、SRAM） ，
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的硬件加速版本，用于高效地在内存中移动大量数据。< / td >
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< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__4" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e219__20250519091529" > 由于只涉及内存操作，不涉及设备，因此操作相对简单，不需要握手信号或 FIFO。< / p > < / td >
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< / tr >
< tr class = "- topic/row" >
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< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__1" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e226__20250519091529" > 2< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__2" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e230__20250519091529" > DMA_MEM_TO_DEV< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__3" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e234__20250519091529" > 从内存到设备< / p > 将数据从内存传输到设备，数据源是内存，而数据目的地是设备。这要求设备能够接收来自内存的数据，并可能需要一些控制逻辑来处理数据传输过程。< / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__4" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e239__20250519091529" > 支持 DMA 操作的设备一般需要提供握手信号或 FIFO 来确保数据传输的正确性和同步性。< / p > < / td >
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< / tr >
< tr class = "- topic/row" >
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< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__1" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e246__20250519091529" > 3< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__2" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e250__20250519091529" > DMA_DEV_TO_MEM< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__3" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e254__20250519091529" > 从设备到内存< / p > 数据从设备传输到内存，是 DMA_MEM_TO_DEV
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的逆操作，允许设备将其数据处理结果或其它信息直接写入内存。< / td >
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< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__4" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e259__20250519091529" > 需要设备提供相应的握手信号或 FIFO 以确保数据传输的稳定性和正确性。< / p > < / td >
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< / tr >
< tr class = "- topic/row" >
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< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__1" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e266__20250519091529" > 4< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__2" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e270__20250519091529" > DMA_DEV_TO_DEV< / p > < / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__3" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e274__20250519091529" > 从设备到设备< / p > 将数据直接从一个设备传输到另一个设备，而不经过 CPU 或内存。< / td >
< td class = "- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers = "concept_or5_kn3_pzb__table_ncz_23d_bdc__entry__4" > < p class = "- topic/p p" data-ofbid = "d210345e279__20250519091529" > 要求两个设备之间有直接的数据通路，使用场景较少。< / p > < / td >
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< / tr >
< / tbody > < / table > < / div >
< / div >
< / article > < / main > < / div >
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< div class = " wh_child_links d-print-none " > < nav aria-label = "Child Links" role = "navigation" class = "- topic/related-links related-links" > < ul class = "ullinks" > < li class = "- topic/link link ulchildlink" > < strong > < a href = "../../../topics/sdk/dma/dma-configuration.html" > DMA 配置< / a > < / strong > < / li > < li class = "- topic/link link ulchildlink" > < strong > < a href = "../../../topics/sdk/dma/dma-debug-guide.html" > 调试指南< / a > < / strong > < / li > < li class = "- topic/link link ulchildlink" > < strong > < a href = "../../../topics/sdk/dma/dma-test-guide-lite.html" > 测试指南< / a > < / strong > < / li > < li class = "- topic/link link ulchildlink" > < strong > < a href = "../../../topics/sdk/dma/dma-design-guide-lite.html" > 设计说明< / a > < / strong > < / li > < / ul > < / nav > < / div >
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