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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic topic" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1">
<span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://aicdocco/taskstopics/sdk/advanced/partition_intro.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">分区类型介绍</h1>
<div class="date inPage">9 Apr 2025</div><div style="color: gray;">
Read time: 2 minute(s)
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<div class="- topic/body body">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e42__20250409171050">在 <span class="- topic/ph ph">Luban-Lite</span> 系统中，分区的设置和管理是系统正常运行和日常维护的重要方面。本章节介绍 <span class="- topic/ph ph">Luban-Lite</span>
系统中分区的特点、规则和分区修改的方法。</p>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e51__20250409171050">按照存储介质的逻辑划分，<span class="- topic/ph ph">Luban-Lite</span> 默认分区包括以下几种：<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="partition-intro__ul_xbf_12y_5cc" data-ofbid="partition-intro__ul_xbf_12y_5cc">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e58__20250409171050"><a class="- topic/xref xref" href="partition_intro.html#partition-intro__section_k1p_zlq_gdc">启动分区</a>：存放 BootLoader，用于系统启动。</li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e64__20250409171050"><a class="- topic/xref xref" href="partition_intro.html#partition-intro__section_cpt_fmq_gdc">数据分区</a>：用于存储用户数据。</li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e70__20250409171050"><a class="- topic/xref xref" href="partition_intro.html#partition-intro__section_n5m_gmq_gdc">系统 A/B 分区</a>：分为 A/B 系统，实现 OTA，即 Flash
上保存前后两个版本的系统程序。</li>
</ul></div>
<section class="- topic/section section" id="partition-intro__section_k1p_zlq_gdc" data-ofbid="partition-intro__section_k1p_zlq_gdc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">启动分区</h2>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e82__20250409171050">在 <span class="- topic/ph ph">Luban-Lite</span> 系统中，启动分区（"spl" 分区）是存储介质上的第一个分区，用于存放
BootLoader，并且根据不同的存储介质类型和配置，其位置、大小和内容有所不同。</p>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e88__20250409171050">"spl" 分区为默认名称，用户可以根据需要自定义和修改启动分区名称。</p>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e91__20250409171050"><span class="- topic/ph ph">Luban-Lite</span> 系统中的默认分区设置如下：<div class="table-container"><table class="- topic/table table" id="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c" data-ofbid="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c" data-cols="4"><caption class="- topic/title title tablecap" data-caption-side="top" data-is-repeated="true"><span class="table--title-label">表<span class="table--title-label-number"> 1</span><span class="table--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="table--title">Luban-Lite 默认启动分区设置</span></caption><colgroup><col style="width:11.560693641618498%"/><col style="width:18.381502890173408%"/><col style="width:36.1849710982659%"/><col style="width:33.872832369942195%"/></colgroup><thead class="- topic/thead thead">
<tr class="- topic/row">
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__1">启动分区</th>
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__2">位置</th>
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__3">尺寸</th>
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__4">用途及说明</th>
</tr>
</thead><tbody class="- topic/tbody tbody">
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__1">SPI NOR</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__2">0 ~ X 区间</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__3">256K</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__4">存放 BootLoader<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e144__20250409171050">BROM 加载的程序可以大于 256K，但 BROM
运行时的速度较慢，不建议加载过大的程序。</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__1">SPI NAND</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__2">前四个物理块</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__3">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e158__20250409171050">SPI NAND 启动分区大小取决于块大小：</p>
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="partition-intro__ul_wgs_gfy_5cc" data-ofbid="partition-intro__ul_wgs_gfy_5cc">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e163__20250409171050">块大小为 128K 时，启动分区为 512K。</li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e166__20250409171050">块大小为 256K 时，启动分区为 1M。</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__4">启动分区内使用四个启动块保存两份启动镜像。</td>
</tr>
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__1">eMMC</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__2">UDA 区域的 17K ~ X 区间</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__3">建议启动镜像小于 512K。</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_jzb_dsr_x2c__entry__4">BROM 从该区域读取程序。</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div></div>
</section>
<section class="- topic/section section" id="partition-intro__section_cpt_fmq_gdc" data-ofbid="partition-intro__section_cpt_fmq_gdc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">数据分区</h2>
<div class="- topic/div div section" id="partition-intro__id4">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e201__20250409171050">在 <span class="- topic/ph ph">Luban-Lite</span> 系统中，通过对 SPI NOR/ SPI NAND Flash
进行分区可以实现数据的存储和管理，为数据的读写提供了不同的功能和性能特点。</p>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e207__20250409171050">在 <span class="- topic/ph ph">Luban-Lite</span> 系统中，SPI NOR/ SPI NAND Flash
上设置了以下默认分区来保存数据。两个分区在设计和实现上有一些差异，用户需要了解并根据实际情况规划数据存储：<div class="table-container"><table class="- topic/table table" id="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c" data-ofbid="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c" data-cols="3"><caption class="- topic/title title tablecap" data-caption-side="top" data-is-repeated="true"><span class="table--title-label">表<span class="table--title-label-number"> 2</span><span class="table--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="table--title">Luban-Lite 数据分区设置</span></caption><colgroup><col style="width:12.195121951219514%"/><col style="width:39.024390243902445%"/><col style="width:48.78048780487806%"/></colgroup><thead class="- topic/thead thead">
<tr class="- topic/row">
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__1">分区类型</th>
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__2">"rodata" </th>
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" id="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__3">"data"</th>
</tr>
</thead><tbody class="- topic/tbody tbody">
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__1">目的</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__2">保存 APP 应用需要使用的资源文件。</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__3">提供一个可读写的文件系统分区，用于保存设备在使用过程中生成的需要写入 Flash 的数据。</td>
</tr>
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__1">文件系统</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__2">FAT 文件系统</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__3">
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="partition-intro__ul_wvg_zgy_5cc" data-ofbid="partition-intro__ul_wvg_zgy_5cc">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e266__20250409171050">在 SPI NOR Flash 上，使用 LittleFS。</li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e269__20250409171050">在 SPI NAND Flash 上，使用 FATFS。</li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e272__20250409171050">在 eMMC 上，每个分区都是可读写的，默认使用 FATFS。</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__1">读写支持</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__2">只读，不支持写入</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__3">可读写</td>
</tr>
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__1">适用场景和特点</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__2">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e297__20250409171050">通过直接访问 Flash 的方式读取数据，可以更好的管理并快速访问 APP 应用资源。</p>
</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__3">适合存储设备运行过程中产生的临时数据或需要修改的数据。适用于需要频繁读写的场景，如用户设置、日志记录等。</td>
</tr>
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__1">备注</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__2 partition-intro__table_xrs_str_x2c__entry__3" colspan="2">
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e312__20250409171050">使用 SPI NOR 时，可以通过配置的方式强制使能 "rodata" 可读写，但是需要注意其中的风险：<ol class="- topic/ol ol arabic simple" id="partition-intro__ol_irn_gvw_fdc" data-ofbid="partition-intro__ol_irn_gvw_fdc">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e316__20250409171050">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e318__20250409171050">Flash 写入前需要先按块擦除，但是擦除和重新写入需要的时间比较长</p>
</li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e322__20250409171050">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e324__20250409171050">FATFS
没有日志，不支持异地写入，因此需要原地回写，如果擦除和回写时出现掉电，会导致文件系统损坏</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="- topic/section section" id="partition-intro__section_n5m_gmq_gdc" data-ofbid="partition-intro__section_n5m_gmq_gdc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">系统 A/B 分区</h2>
<div class="- topic/div div section" id="partition-intro__a-b">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e343__20250409171050">在 <span class="- topic/ph ph">Luban-Lite</span> 系统中，A/B 系统分区是实现 Over-the-Air (OTA)
软件更新机制的一个重要部分。这种分区方式需要在 Flash 上保存前后两个版本的系统程序，并将每个版本保存在指定的分区中。 </p>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e349__20250409171050">A/B 系统的分区命名比较直接，便于轻松识别两套软件版本，详细命名规则如下所示：</p>
<ul class="- topic/ul ul simple" id="partition-intro__ul_cmq_hvw_fdc" data-ofbid="partition-intro__ul_cmq_hvw_fdc">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e354__20250409171050">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e356__20250409171050">A 系统分区：直接使用其所代表的分区的名称，例如存储只读数据的 "rodata" 分区，则 A 系统分区即命名为 "rodata"。</p>
</li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d170043e360__20250409171050">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e362__20250409171050">B 系统分区：在对应的 A 系统分区名后加上 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">_r</span> 后缀，例如
<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">rodata_r</span>。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d170043e373__20250409171050">使用专门的 A/B 分区机制，可以最大化资源使用、实现备份，并且提前配置所需软件更新的存储空间，而不影响系统的运行性能。</p>
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