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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic topic" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/mem/d21x_mem_guide.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1"> 内存使用指南</h1><div class="date inPage">15 Jan 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 3 minute(s)
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</div><div class="- topic/body body"><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e21__20250121171627"> 硬件上使用 DRAM 作为 Memory 主要存储单元，其典型大小为 64M/128M。</p><section class="- topic/section section" id="d21x-mem-guide__id3" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__id3"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">内存布局</h2>
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<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" data-ofbid="d186320e28__20250121171627"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="d21x-mem-guide__image_hpn_gcd_bdc" src="../../../images/memory/d21x_mem_layout.png" alt="d21x_mem_layout"/></div><br/></figure><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e32__20250121171627">针对 DRAM Memory 资源，软件会使用以下策略来进行分配：</p><ul class="- topic/ul ul simple" id="d21x-mem-guide__ul_ipn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__ul_ipn_gcd_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d186320e35__20250121171627">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e37__20250121171627">首先把 DRAM 分成两个区域： <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">DRAM Software Region</code> 和 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">DRAM CMA
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Region</code> 。CMA Region 提供给多媒体模块 MPP 专用，Software Region
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提供给系统其他模块使用，主要目的是把 MPP 的动态内存池 (heap_cma) 和 系统动态内存池 (heap_sys) 进行分离，避免 MPP
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的内存池碎片化。因为 MPP 的内存分配基本都是大块内存，而系统各模块的内存分配是各种尺寸大小都有，如果共享一个内存池容易造成 MPP
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大块内存分配失败。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d186320e46__20250121171627">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e48__20250121171627">接着会把每一个 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">Region</code> 进一步划分成静态分配 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">Static</code> 和 动态分配
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<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">Heap</code> 子区域。静态分配的区域在编译链接后地址已经确定，动态分配区域就是 Heap
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内存池运行时地址才会确定。</p>
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</li></ul>
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</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="d21x-mem-guide__id4" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__id4"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">内存使用</h2>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e66__20250121171627">综合上述策略，DRAM 空间被软件划分成四块区域：</p><ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="d21x-mem-guide__ul_kpn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__ul_kpn_gcd_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d186320e69__20250121171627">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e71__20250121171627"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">DRAM SW Static</code> 系统静态分配区域。 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.text</span>、<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.rodata</span>、<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.data</span> 和
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<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">.bss</span> 默认会存放到这个区域，即普通的函数定义和全局变量定义。</p>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d186320e88__20250121171627">
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e90__20250121171627"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">DRAM SW Heap</code> 系统动态分配区域。即 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_sys</span>
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内存池，可以通过以下函数从该内存池分配内存。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_pwk_2sj_bdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_pwk_2sj_bdc">malloc(size);
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aicos_malloc(MEM_DEFAULT, size); <em class="hl-comment">// MEM_DEFAULT = 0</em></pre></div>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d186320e100__20250121171627">
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e102__20250121171627"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">DRAM CMA Static</code> CMA 静态分配区域。函数定义和全局变量定义可以通过加上
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<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">CMA_DATA_DEFINE</code> 宏声明链接到这个区域：
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(这个区域是可选的，通常情况下没有配置。)<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_zqv_2sj_bdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_zqv_2sj_bdc"><em class="hl-comment">// 函数定义：</em>
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<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong> CMA_DATA_DEFINE test_func(<strong class="hl-keyword">void</strong>); <em class="hl-comment">// CMA_DATA_DEFINE = DRAM_CMA_DATA_DEFINE</em>
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<em class="hl-comment">// 全局变量定义：</em>
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CMA_DATA_DEFINE <strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> a = <span class="hl-number">1</span>;</pre></div>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d186320e112__20250121171627">
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e114__20250121171627"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">DRAM CMA Heap</code> CMA 动态分配区域。即 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_cma</span>
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内存池，可以通过以下函数从该内存池分配内存。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_evd_fsj_bdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_evd_fsj_bdc">aicos_malloc(MEM_CMA, size); <em class="hl-comment">// MEM_CMA = MEM_DRAM_CMA</em></pre></div>
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</li></ul></section><section class="- topic/section section" id="d21x-mem-guide__id5" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__id5"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">参数配置</h2>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e129__20250121171627">通过 <span class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname">scons --menuconfig</span> 命令进入 menuconfig
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配置界面，配置下列 Meomry
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相关参数：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_rpw_yxm_mdc">Board options --->
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Mem Options ---></pre></div><ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="d21x-mem-guide__ul_rpn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__ul_rpn_gcd_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d186320e137__20250121171627">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e139__20250121171627">DRAM 总大小</p>
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<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_tpn_gcd_bdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_tpn_gcd_bdc">DRAM parameter --->
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(<span class="hl-number">0x4000000</span>) DRAM Total Size <em class="hl-comment">// 配置 DRAM 总大小为 64M</em>
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</pre>
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</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d186320e145__20250121171627">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e147__20250121171627">CMA 区域大小</p>
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<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_jbt_fsj_bdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_jbt_fsj_bdc">DRAM parameter --->
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(<span class="hl-number">0x2000000</span>) CMA mem size <em class="hl-comment">// 配置 DRAM 结尾 CMA 区域大小为 32M，剩余开头 32M 即为 Software 区域</em></pre>
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</li></ul></section><section class="- topic/section section" id="d21x-mem-guide__id6" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__id6"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">调试命令</h2>
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<div class="- topic/div div">
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<div class="- topic/div div"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">查看内存布局</strong><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e163__20250121171627">在工程编译时，可以通过下列命令来查看当前工程的内存布局：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_ygy_j1n_mdc">scons --list-mem</pre></div></div>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e168__20250121171627">结果输出示例如下：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_rv4_4zm_mdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_rv4_4zm_mdc">scons: Reading SConscript files ...
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output/d21x_demo88-nand_rt-thread_helloworld/images/d21x.elf Memory layout:
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Region Start End Length
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dram <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x44000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x04000000</span>
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└─ dram_sw <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x42000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x02000000</span>
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└─ dram_sw_static <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x401cb970</span> <span class="hl-number">0x001cb970</span>
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└─ .text <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x400cda80</span> <span class="hl-number">0x000cda80</span>
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└─ .rodata <span class="hl-number">0x400cda80</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x4016ea20</span> <span class="hl-number">0x000a0fa0</span>
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└─ .bss <span class="hl-number">0x40172000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x401cb970</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00059970</span>
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└─ dram_sw_heap <span class="hl-number">0x401cb970</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x42000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x01e34690</span>
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└─ .heap_sys <span class="hl-number">0x401cb970</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x42000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x01e34690</span>
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└─ dram_cma <span class="hl-number">0x42000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x44000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x02000000</span>
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└─ dram_cma_heap <span class="hl-number">0x42000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x44000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x02000000</span>
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└─ .heap_cma <span class="hl-number">0x42000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x44000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x02000000</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="- topic/div div"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">查看内存池的运行情况</strong><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e177__20250121171627">在系统运行时，可以通过 RT-Thread 下的
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<span class="+ topic/keyword sw-d/cmdname keyword cmdname">free</span> 命令来查看 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_sys</span> 和
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<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">heap_cma</span>
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内存池的运行情况：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_free_command" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_free_command">free</pre></div><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d186320e190__20250121171627">结果输出示例如下：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc" data-ofbid="d21x-mem-guide__codeblock_omg_kkj_bdc">memheap pool size max used size available size
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---------------- ---------- ------------- --------------
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heap_cma <span class="hl-number">8362744</span> <span class="hl-number">48</span> <span class="hl-number">8362696</span>
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heap_sys <span class="hl-number">758948</span> <span class="hl-number">50384</span> <span class="hl-number">710780</span></pre></div></div>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#d21x-mem-guide__id3" data-tocid="d21x-mem-guide__id3">内存布局</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#d21x-mem-guide__id4" data-tocid="d21x-mem-guide__id4">内存使用</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#d21x-mem-guide__id5" data-tocid="d21x-mem-guide__id5">参数配置</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#d21x-mem-guide__id6" data-tocid="d21x-mem-guide__id6">调试命令</a></div></li></ul></div>
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