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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic topic" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1"><span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/sdmc/sdmc-user-guide.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">SDMC 使用指南</h1><div class="date inPage">15 Jan 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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</div><div class="- topic/body body"><div class="table-container"><table class="- topic/table table frame-all" id="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc" data-ofbid="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc" data-cols="3"><caption class="- topic/title title tablecap" data-caption-side="top" data-is-repeated="true"><span class="table--title-label"><span class="table--title-label-number"> 1</span><span class="table--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="table--title">术语定义</span></caption><colgroup><col style="width:18.281535648994517%"/><col style="width:36.0146252285192%"/><col style="width:45.703839122486286%"/></colgroup><thead class="- topic/thead thead"><tr class="- topic/row"><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">术语</th><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">定义</th><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" id="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">注释说明</th></tr></thead><tbody class="- topic/tbody tbody"><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">SD</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">Secure Digital</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">Flash 存储卡的一种标准,即常见的 SD 卡</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">SDCard</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">Secure Digital Memory Card</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">安全数码卡同“SD 卡”</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">MMC</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">Multi Media Card</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">多媒体卡</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">eMMC</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">Embedded Multi Media Card</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">内嵌(在板卡上)式多媒体卡</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">SDIO</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">Secure Digital Input and Output</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">安全数字输入输出接口</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">SDMC</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">SDCard &amp; SDIO &amp; eMMC Host Contollor</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">SD 卡/eMMC 主控制器</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">CMD</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">Command</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">SD/eMMC 协议的命令</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">DMA</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">Direct Memory Access</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">直接存储器访问</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">SPI</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">Serial Peripheral Interface</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="id__table_n2m_pxh_bdc__entry__3">串行外设接口</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e101__20250121171602">其中:</p><ul class="- topic/ul ul simple" id="id__ul_o2m_pxh_bdc" data-ofbid="id__ul_o2m_pxh_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e104__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e106__20250121171602">MMC 是最早的记忆卡标准1997 年由西门子和 SanDisk 推出,现在市场上已经很少见了</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e109__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e111__20250121171602">SDCard 是 1998 年由松下、东芝和 SanDisk 合作发布</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e114__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e116__20250121171602">SDCard 一开始就兼容 MMC 协议,和 MMC 在时序设计上保持一致,读写控制命令也一样</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e119__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e121__20250121171602">SDIO 是在 SD 标准的基础上,定义了非存储卡的外设接口,可连接 WiFi、BT、摄像头等</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e124__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e126__20250121171602">SD 卡后续还有 SDHCHigh Capacity大容量最大 32 GB和 SDXCeXtended Capacity最大 2 TB本文将
SD、SDHC、SDXC 统称为 SD</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e129__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e131__20250121171602">eMMC 是 MMC 框架中的一种,经过多年演化后,从 2018 年起只留下 eMMC 了</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e134__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e136__20250121171602">eMMC 可以看作一个集合其中包含NAND Flash、Flash 控制器、MMC 标准接口封装</p>
</li></ul><section class="- topic/section section" id="id__section_swv_kwh_ddc" data-ofbid="id__section_swv_kwh_ddc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">SDMC V1.0 功能说明</h2>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e145__20250121171602">SDMC V1.0 可用于访问三种标准协议SDCard、eMMC 设备、SDIO。 以 D21x 为例SoC 硬件提供了三套 SDMC功能的初始定义如下</p>
<div class="table-container"><table class="- topic/table table frame-all" id="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc" data-ofbid="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc" data-cols="2"><caption></caption><colgroup><col style="width:41.49377593360995%"/><col style="width:58.50622406639003%"/></colgroup><thead class="- topic/thead thead"><tr class="- topic/row"><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">SDMC</th><th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" id="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">支持功能</th></tr></thead><tbody class="- topic/tbody tbody"><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">SDMC0</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">SDCard、 eMMC</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">SDMC1</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" headers="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">SDCard</td></tr><tr class="- topic/row"><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc__entry__1">SDMC2</td><td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="id__table_p2m_pxh_bdc__entry__2">SDIO</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="id__sd-sdio" data-ofbid="id__sd-sdio"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">SD/SDIO 的传输模式</h2>
<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" id="id__id4" data-ofbid="id__id4"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="id__image_q2m_pxh_bdc" src="../../../images/sdmc/sd_mode.png" width="288" alt="sd_mode"/></div><br/><figcaption data-caption-side="bottom" class="- topic/title title figcapcenter"><span class="figtitleprefix fig--title-label"><span class="fig--title-label-number"> 1</span><span class="fig--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="fig--title">SD/SDIO 的三种传输模式</span></figcaption></figure>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e190__20250121171602">SD/SDIO 的传输模式有三种:</p>
<ol class="- topic/ol ol arabic simple" id="id__ol_r2m_pxh_bdc" data-ofbid="id__ol_r2m_pxh_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e194__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e196__20250121171602">SPI 模式:为了兼容性考虑,此模式属于 required对硬件要求低不支持 CRC 校验。时钟最高 25 MHz读写速度通常低于 3
MB/s。广泛用于 MP3 等对读卡速度要求不高的场景。</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e199__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e201__20250121171602">1bit 模式:时钟最高 25 MHz最高速率 12.5 MB/s</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e204__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e206__20250121171602">4bit 模式:读写时钟最高可达 50 MHz最高速率 25 MB/s<strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">SD 的主要模式</strong></p>
</li></ol>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e212__20250121171602">其中“1bit 模式”和“4bit 模式”又可以统称为“SD 模式”。</p>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e216__20250121171602">下表是三种传输模式对应的接口信号线定义:</p>
<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" id="id__id5" data-ofbid="id__id5"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="id__image_s2m_pxh_bdc" src="../../../images/sdmc/sd_mode_io.png" alt="sd_mode_io"/></div><br/><figcaption data-caption-side="bottom" class="- topic/title title figcapcenter"><span class="figtitleprefix fig--title-label"><span class="fig--title-label-number"> 2</span><span class="fig--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="fig--title">SD/SDIO 三种传输模式的接口定义</span></figcaption></figure>
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="id__mmc" data-ofbid="id__mmc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">MMC 的工作模式</h2>
<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" id="id__id6" data-ofbid="id__id6"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="id__image_t2m_pxh_bdc" src="../../../images/sdmc/mmc_mode.png" alt="mmc_mode"/></div><br/><figcaption data-caption-side="bottom" class="- topic/title title figcapcenter"><span class="figtitleprefix fig--title-label"><span class="fig--title-label-number"> 3</span><span class="fig--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="fig--title">MMC 的工作模式</span></figcaption></figure>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e238__20250121171602">MMC 标准经过了 5 个大版本的演化,已经发生了很大的变化。大体上可以分为两种工作模式:</p>
<ol class="- topic/ol ol arabic simple" id="id__ol_u2m_pxh_bdc" data-ofbid="id__ol_u2m_pxh_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e242__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e244__20250121171602">SPI 模式:可选模式,属于 MMC 协议的一个子集,最大速率 20 Mbps。主要用于小容量、低速率场景可降低成本也有很好的兼容性</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e247__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e249__20250121171602">MMC 模式:默认模式,具有 MMC 的全部特性,支持 1/4/8bit 总线模式</p>
</li></ol>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e253__20250121171602">MMC 模式从传输速率上看又可以分为以下几种:</p>
<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" id="id__id7" data-ofbid="id__id7"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="id__image_v2m_pxh_bdc" src="../../../images/sdmc/mmc_mode_data.png" alt="mmc_mode_data"/></div><br/><figcaption data-caption-side="bottom" class="- topic/title title figcapcenter"><span class="figtitleprefix fig--title-label"><span class="fig--title-label-number"> 4</span><span class="fig--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="fig--title">MMC 工作模式及相应速率</span></figcaption></figure>
<div class="- topic/note note tip note_tip" id="id__note_bmy_rxh_ddc" data-ofbid="id__note_bmy_rxh_ddc"><span class="note__title">提示:</span>
<ol class="- topic/ol ol arabic simple" id="id__ol_w2m_pxh_bdc" data-ofbid="id__ol_w2m_pxh_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e267__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e269__20250121171602">HS400 是在 HS200 的基础上增加 DDR 模式(信号双边采样),将理论速率提升一倍。</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e272__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e274__20250121171602">MMC 上电或者复位后,默认处于 1bit 模式,只使用信号线 DAT[0]传输数据,后续通过命令将其配置为 4/8bit 模式。</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e277__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e279__20250121171602">eMMC 芯片不支持 SPI 模式。</p>
</li></ol>
</div>
</section><section class="- topic/section section" id="id__sdmc" data-ofbid="id__sdmc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">SDMC 的功能特性</h2>
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e289__20250121171602">SDMC 支持的最大接口频率为 200 MHz支持 1/4/8 线数据总线模式,满足 eMMC 标准协议和 SDCard/SDIO 接口协议。</p>
<figure class="- topic/fig fig fignone" id="id__id8" data-ofbid="id__id8"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="id__image_x2m_pxh_bdc" src="../../../images/sdmc/hw_structure2.png" alt="sdmc_hw_structure"/></div><br/><div class="- topic/div div legend">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e300__20250121171602">SDMC 支持的特性有:</p>
</div><figcaption data-caption-side="bottom" class="- topic/title title figcapcenter"><span class="figtitleprefix fig--title-label"><span class="fig--title-label-number"> 5</span><span class="fig--title-label-punctuation">. </span></span><span class="fig--title">SDMC 硬件原理示意图</span></figcaption></figure>
<ul class="- topic/ul ul simple" id="id__ul_y2m_pxh_bdc" data-ofbid="id__ul_y2m_pxh_bdc"><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e305__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e307__20250121171602">支持 eMMC5.0SD3.01 和 SDIO3.0,向下兼容</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e310__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e312__20250121171602">支持 eMMC SDR/DDR 模式,接口时钟频率最大 200 MHz</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e315__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e317__20250121171602">支持 3.3V 工作电压</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e320__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e322__20250121171602">支持 DDR 4 线和 8 线模式</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e325__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e327__20250121171602">使用内部 DMA 模式,支持单通道、双缓存和描述符链表传输</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e330__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e332__20250121171602">支持 FIFO 深度为 128FIFO 位宽为 32 bit</p>
</li><li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d126960e335__20250121171602">
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d126960e337__20250121171602">支持 CRC 生成和错误检测</p>
</li></ul>
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