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class="topicref" data-id="id" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action id-d3752e1650-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/sdk/burnsys/burner_offline_lite.html" id="id-d3752e1650-link">离线烧录</a></div></div></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="usb_display-d3752e1706" class="topicref" data-id="usb_display" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action usb_display-d3752e1706-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/sdk/app/usb-display.html" id="usb_display-d3752e1706-link">USB Display 方案</a></div></div></li><li role="treeitem" class="active"><div data-tocid="backtrace-d3752e1833" class="topicref" data-id="backtrace" data-state="leaf"><span role="button" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/sdk/app/backtrace.html" id="backtrace-d3752e1833-link">Backtrace 栈回溯</a></div></div></li></ul></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="id-d3752e1848" class="topicref" data-id="id" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action id-d3752e1848-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/sdk/peripheral/peripheral-intro.html" id="id-d3752e1848-link">外设移植</a><div class="wh-tooltip"><p class="shortdesc"><span class="ph">CTP、U 盘、SD 卡、有线和无线网络</span>等外设的介绍和使用说明。</p></div></div></div></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="id-d3752e2022" class="topicref" data-id="id" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action id-d3752e2022-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/sdk/bringup/chapter-bringup.html" id="id-d3752e2022-link">BringUp</a><div class="wh-tooltip"><p class="shortdesc">主要描述板卡的各项配置，使 SDK 的环境和板卡匹配，并确保 SDK 编译后的固件能够在板子上正常运行。</p></div></div></div></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="id-d3752e2418" class="topicref" data-id="id" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action id-d3752e2418-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/sdk/chapter-advanced-app.html" id="id-d3752e2418-link">高级应用</a><div class="wh-tooltip"><p class="shortdesc">系统、存储、多媒体、接口、安全等模块的详细配置和设计说明。</p></div></div></div></li></ul></div>
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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic topic" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1">
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<span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" href="http://aicdocco/taskstopics/sdk/app/backtrace.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">Backtrace 栈回溯</h1>
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<div class="date inPage">16 May 2025</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 4 minute(s)
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<div class="- topic/body body">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e31__20250519091517">Luban-Lite 提供 Backtrace
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及解析功能，便于开发者准确定位软件调试中出现的系统崩溃问题，例如内存访问越界。在系统创建线程时，会分配栈内存空间，通过分析运行时栈内存的结构，逐层解析函数调用的历史记录，从而定位出软件异常的问题点。</p>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e34__20250519091517">本节适用于以下芯片系列：<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="backtrace__ul_awd_1zw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__ul_awd_1zw_52c">
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e38__20250519091517">D21x</li>
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e41__20250519091517">D13x</li>
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e44__20250519091517">D12x</li>
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e47__20250519091517">G73x</li>
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</ul></div>
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e51__20250519091517">栈回溯功能的相关工具均已包含在最新 SDK 中，确保已更新至最新的 SDK。</p>
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<div class="- topic/note note note note_note" id="backtrace__note_pbr_xyw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__note_pbr_xyw_52c"><span class="note__title">注：</span> 在 Luban-Lite 中，Backtrace 及解析功能仅用于调试 RT-Thread 的多线程，无法用于调试
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BootLoader。</div>
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<section class="- topic/section section" id="backtrace__section_mms_zzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__section_mms_zzw_52c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">Backtrace 配置方法</h2>
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<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e62__20250519091517">在 menuconfig 中开启 Backtrace debug
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功能，并修改编译链接脚本以支持栈回溯，以便在发生系统异常时打印出函数调用地址。详细配置流程如下所示：<div class="- topic/note note note note_note" id="backtrace__note_jgr_tgg_y2c" data-ofbid="backtrace__note_jgr_tgg_y2c"><span class="note__title">注：</span> 为避免量产软件的性能受影响，确保在量产软件中关闭 backtrace。</div><ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="backtrace__ol_bh1_xzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__ol_bh1_xzw_52c">
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e68__20250519091517">在 SDK 的 menuconfig 功能配置界面，选择项目的 RT-Thread 配置页，并打开 Backtrace
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调试功能：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="backtrace__codeblock_dh1_xzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__codeblock_dh1_xzw_52c"> Drivers options --->
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Drivers debug
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[*] Enable Backtrace debug</pre></li>
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e73__20250519091517">保存并退出配置界面。</li>
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e76__20250519091517">修改编译链接脚本以支持栈回溯： <ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="backtrace__ul_fh1_xzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__ul_fh1_xzw_52c">
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e80__20250519091517">在项目对应芯片目录中打开编译链接脚本，例如
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<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">D12x/bsp/artinchip/sys/d21x/rtconfig.py</span>。</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e86__20250519091517">将 BACKTRACE = False 修改为 BACKTRACE = True：</li>
|
||
</ul><pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="backtrace__codeblock_hh1_xzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__codeblock_hh1_xzw_52c">...
|
||
# BACKTRACE = True
|
||
BACKTRACE = False
|
||
...</pre></li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e92__20250519091517">保存文件并关闭编辑器。</li>
|
||
</ol></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="- topic/section section" id="backtrace__section_ih1_xzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__section_ih1_xzw_52c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">实例分析</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e103__20250519091517">以下是一个制造非法内存访问的示例代码，用于演示如何生成和解析栈回溯信息：</p>
|
||
<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="backtrace__ol_jh1_xzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__ol_jh1_xzw_52c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e108__20250519091517">在 SDK 中加入下列代码进行编译、烧录：<div class="- topic/note note note note_note" id="backtrace__note_mss_2bx_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__note_mss_2bx_52c"><span class="note__title">注：</span>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e112__20250519091517">如需使用栈回溯，务必保证镜像和生成的 elf 文件对应，即编译一次、烧录一次、分析一次。</p>
|
||
</div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e115__20250519091517">此段代码尝试写入一个空指针地址，导致存储访问故障。</p><pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="backtrace__codeblock_lh1_xzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__codeblock_lh1_xzw_52c"><strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> stack_protector_test(<strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> argc, <strong class="hl-keyword">char</strong> **argv)
|
||
{
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> * p = NULL;
|
||
p = (<strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> *)<span class="hl-number">0x80000000</span>;
|
||
*p = <span class="hl-number">0x12345678</span>;
|
||
value = *p;
|
||
printf(<span class="hl-string">"addr:%p value:0x%08X\r
|
||
</span><span class="hl-string">", p, value);
|
||
</span> <strong class="hl-keyword">return</strong> <span class="hl-number">0</span>;
|
||
}
|
||
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(stack_protector_test test stack protector test test test test)
|
||
</pre></li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e120__20250519091517">
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e122__20250519091517">系统运行后，执行下列命令，并观察串口终端输出的错误信息和堆栈回溯：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="backtrace__codeblock_oh1_xzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__codeblock_oh1_xzw_52c">stack_protector_test</pre></div>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e127__20250519091517">串口终端的系统输出示例如下所示：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="backtrace__codeblock_qxy_h1x_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__codeblock_qxy_h1x_52c">CPU Exception: NO.<span class="hl-number">7</span>
|
||
x1: <span class="hl-number">4002</span>bf64 x2: <span class="hl-number">30066270</span> x3: <span class="hl-number">30042</span>d8c x4: deadbeef
|
||
x5: <span class="hl-number">80007880</span> x6: <span class="hl-number">300662</span>b4 x7: deadbeef x8: <span class="hl-number">00000014</span>
|
||
x9: <span class="hl-number">30064212</span> x10: <span class="hl-number">00000001</span> x11: <span class="hl-number">80000000</span> x12: <span class="hl-number">12345678</span>
|
||
x13: <span class="hl-number">00000000</span> x14: <span class="hl-number">30064226</span> x15: <span class="hl-number">80000000</span> x16: <span class="hl-number">30064226</span>
|
||
x17: fffffffd x18: <span class="hl-number">400461</span>ae x19: <span class="hl-number">400</span>bddf8 x20: <span class="hl-number">40155f</span>b8
|
||
x21: <span class="hl-number">400</span>bdf30 x22: <span class="hl-number">0000007f</span> x23: <span class="hl-number">30044</span>d04 x24: <span class="hl-number">20636961</span>
|
||
x25: <span class="hl-number">400</span>c45d4 x26: <span class="hl-number">300641</span>c2 x27: <span class="hl-number">30064212</span> x28: <span class="hl-number">00000022</span>
|
||
x29: <span class="hl-number">0000005</span>c x30: <span class="hl-number">0000000</span>a x31: deadbeef
|
||
mcause : <span class="hl-number">0x38000007</span>
|
||
mtval : <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span>
|
||
mepc : <span class="hl-number">0x400461c4</span>
|
||
mstatus: <span class="hl-number">0x80007880</span>
|
||
|
||
__stext:<span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> __etext:<span class="hl-number">0x400bdfe0</span>,stack:
|
||
stack_addr:<span class="hl-number">0x30064330</span> stack_addr_end:<span class="hl-number">0x30066330</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x0000007f</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000009</span> <span class="hl-number">0x400c45c8</span> <span class="hl-number">0x4002bf64</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x0000001b</span> <span class="hl-number">0x30044d8c</span> <span class="hl-number">0x30064212</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x0000007f</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000009</span> <span class="hl-number">0x400c45c8</span> <span class="hl-number">0x000000fd</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x0000001b</span> <span class="hl-number">0x30044d8c</span> <span class="hl-number">0x30064190</span> <span class="hl-number">0x4002b9c0</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span> <span class="hl-number">0x30064190</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0x0dadbeef</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span> <span class="hl-number">0x4001a874</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
[backtrace_call_stack:<span class="hl-number">123</span>]__stext:<span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> __etext:<span class="hl-number">0x400bdfe0</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x400461c4</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x4002bf64</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x4002b9c0</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0x4001a874</span></pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e133__20250519091517">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e135__20250519091517">将串口终端的输出信息保存为 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">txt</span> 文本，并使用
|
||
<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">panic_parse.py</span> 进行解析。</p>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e144__20250519091517">假设 backtrace 信息保存在根目录中，保存的输出示例 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">txt</span>文件为
|
||
<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">kunlunpi-panic.txt</span>，则在 SDK
|
||
根目录执行如下操作命令：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="backtrace__codeblock_tb2_51x_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__codeblock_tb2_51x_52c">python3 tools/scripts/panic_parse.py -l ./kunlunpi-panic.txt</pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d115900e156__20250519091517">查看解析后的输出，确定导致异常的具体函数位置。<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d115900e158__20250519091517">解析结果示例如下，分析文件指明了函数调用的关系和导致异常的函数具体位置：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="backtrace__codeblock_qh1_xzw_52c" data-ofbid="backtrace__codeblock_qh1_xzw_52c">CPU: RISC-V
|
||
ELF: output/d13x_kunlunpi88-nor_rt-thread_helloworld/images/d13x.elf
|
||
Toolchain: riscv64-unknown-elf
|
||
Text section: <span class="hl-number">0x40000000</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x400bdfe0</span>, size: <span class="hl-number">778208</span> Bytes
|
||
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
CPU Registers:
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
CPU Exception: <span class="hl-number">7</span> (Store/AMO Access Fault)
|
||
x1 (ra): <span class="hl-number">0x4002bf64</span> _msh_exec_cmd at kernel/rt-thread/components/finsh/msh.c:<span class="hl-number">294</span>
|
||
x2 (sp): <span class="hl-number">0x30066270</span>
|
||
x3 (gp): <span class="hl-number">0x30042d8c</span>
|
||
x4 (tp): <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span>
|
||
x5 (t0): <span class="hl-number">0x80007880</span>
|
||
x6 (t1): <span class="hl-number">0x300662b4</span>
|
||
x7 (t2): <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span>
|
||
x8 (s0/fp): <span class="hl-number">0x00000014</span>
|
||
x9 (s1): <span class="hl-number">0x30064212</span>
|
||
x10 (a0): <span class="hl-number">0x00000001</span>
|
||
x11 (a1): <span class="hl-number">0x80000000</span>
|
||
x12 (a2): <span class="hl-number">0x12345678</span>
|
||
x13 (a3): <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span>
|
||
x14 (a4): <span class="hl-number">0x30064226</span>
|
||
x15 (a5): <span class="hl-number">0x80000000</span>
|
||
x16 (a6): <span class="hl-number">0x30064226</span>
|
||
x17 (a7): <span class="hl-number">0xfffffffd</span>
|
||
x18 (s2): <span class="hl-number">0x400461ae</span> stack_protector_test at packages/artinchip/lvgl-ui/aic_ui.c:<span class="hl-number">64</span>
|
||
x19 (s3): <span class="hl-number">0x400bddf8</span> __console_init_start at ??:?
|
||
x20 (s4): <span class="hl-number">0x40155fb8</span>
|
||
x21 (s5): <span class="hl-number">0x400bdf30</span> __fsymtab_end at ??:?
|
||
x22 (s6): <span class="hl-number">0x0000007f</span>
|
||
x23 (s7): <span class="hl-number">0x30044d04</span>
|
||
x24 (s8): <span class="hl-number">0x20636961</span>
|
||
x25 (s9): <span class="hl-number">0x400c45d4</span>
|
||
x26 (s10): <span class="hl-number">0x300641c2</span>
|
||
x27 (s11): <span class="hl-number">0x30064212</span>
|
||
x28 (t3): <span class="hl-number">0x00000022</span>
|
||
x29 (t4): <span class="hl-number">0x0000005c</span>
|
||
x30 (t5): <span class="hl-number">0x0000000a</span>
|
||
x31 (t6): <span class="hl-number">0xdeadbeef</span>
|
||
mcause: <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span>
|
||
mtval: <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span>
|
||
mepc: <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span>
|
||
mstatus: <span class="hl-number">0x00000000</span>
|
||
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Call Stack:
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Stack section: <span class="hl-number">0x30064330</span> - <span class="hl-number">0x30066330</span>, size: <span class="hl-number">8192</span> Bytes
|
||
<span class="hl-number">0</span>: [<span class="hl-number">0x4002bf64</span>] _msh_exec_cmd at kernel/rt-thread/components/finsh/msh.c:<span class="hl-number">294</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">1</span>: [<span class="hl-number">0x4002b9c0</span>] finsh_thread_entry at kernel/rt-thread/components/finsh/shell.c:<span class="hl-number">657</span>
|
||
<span class="hl-number">2</span>: [<span class="hl-number">0x4001a874</span>] _thread_exit at kernel/rt-thread/src/thread.c:<span class="hl-number">91</span></pre></div></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article></main></div>
|
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|
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#backtrace__section_mms_zzw_52c" data-tocid="backtrace__section_mms_zzw_52c">Backtrace 配置方法</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#backtrace__section_ih1_xzw_52c" data-tocid="backtrace__section_ih1_xzw_52c">实例分析</a></div></li></ul></div>
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